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"@@ " @ @@ @ @     %@ @ % @   ( ( %@ @ %P@ (%@ @ (%P@   @-  @- (@-  1,Milliers [0]_Annex_comb_guideline_version4-2-(Milliers_Annex_comb_guideline_version4-2+&Montaire [0]_Annex comb guideline 4-7.)Montaire_Annex_comb_guideline_version4-2 Source Hed Source Text Title-1 Title-28 ``i̜̙3f3333f3ffff333ff333f33f33BBB\`wUser agreement Instructions#ٙEmissions based on fuel use#Emissions based on distance&HAir - Activity Data (Distance) Em_Factors2?Conversion Factors  EF_custom:  Ef_for_km: ! Ef_for_mile:   ;^  ;R  units;  Tz@ M3 A@@   {HSource: Air travel definitions and factors are from the GHG Protocol Mobile Combustion Tool. The emissions factors for short and long haul flights are originally from UK DEFRA. The emissions factor for medium haul flights was derived, using an assumed distance of 1600 km and the following formulae. X+452y =.18*452 for short haul X+6342y=.11*6342 for long haul Based on Emission Factors provided by DEFRA (Table 9, Environmental Reporting - Guidelines for Company Reporting on GHG Emissions) for short haul and long haul flights http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/envrp/gas/10.htmConversion FactorsMass 1 pound (lb)453.6 grams (g)0.4536 kilograms (kg)0.0004536 metric tons (tonne)1 kilogram (kg)2.205 pounds (lb)1 short ton (ton)2'000 pounds (lb)907.2 kilograms (kg) 1 metric ton2'205 pounds (lb)1'000 kilograms (kg)1.1205 short tons (tons)Volume0.1781 barrel (bbl)28.32 liters (L)0.0238 barrel (bbl)3.785 liters (L)1 barrel (bbl)158.99 liters (L) 1 litre (L)6.2897 barrels (bbl)1'000 liters (L)Energy1 kilowatt hour (kWh)3412 Btu (btu)3'600 kilojoules (KJ)1 megajoule (MJ)0.001 gigajoules (GJ)1 gigajoule (GJ) 0.9478 million Btu (million btu)277.8 kilowatt hours (kWh) 1 Btu (btu)1'055 joules (J)1 million Btu (million btu)1.055 gigajoules (GJ)293 kilowatt hours (kWh)1 therm (therm) 100'000 btu 0.1055 gigajoules (GJ)29.3 kilowatt hours (kWh)Otherkilo1'000mega 1'000'000giga 1'000'000'000tera1'000'000'000'0001 psi 14.5037 bar 1.0197 bar1 atmosphere (atm) 0.9869 bar101.325 kilo pascals$14.696 pounds per square inch (psia)1 mile (statue)1.609 kilometers1 metric ton carbon1 cubic foot (ft 3) 0.02832 cubic meters (m 3) 0.003785 cubic meters (m 3) 0.1589 cubic meters (m 3) 0.001 cubic meters (m 3) 1 cubic meter (m 3) 1 kgf / cm 3 (tech atm)  1 metric ton CH4 21 metric tons CO2 equivalent  1metric ton N2O  310 metric tons CO2 equivalent  3.664 metric tons CO2 (Worksheet 'Air - Activity Data Distance'Step 1.1 Total kmsStep 1.2Step 1.3StaffAirTrain$Definition of short haul: less than km"Definition of long haul: more than%Definition of medium haul: less than Type of TrainBCADieselStep 1Step 3DEUnitCO2 emission factorCO2 emissions in kgCO2 emissions in metric tons Step 4: Sum CO2 emissions:  Air TravelCarMode of Transportation DescriptionBusType of fuel usedStep 2 Jet KeroseneAviation GasolineCoalCNGGasoline/PetrolFuel use ApproachDistance Traveled Approach Short Flight Medium Flight Long FlightElectricmilesCalculation of Activity DataShort Flights (kms)Medium Flights (kms)Long Flights (kms),Short? (0=Yes) Medium? (1=Yes) Long? (2=Yes)Gasoline/Petrol - SmallGasoline/Petrol - MediumGasoline/Petrol - Large Emissions factors for air travelMethod of Travel Liquid Fuel!Emissions factors for rail travel Emissions factors for bus travel Type of BusDiesel, long distance Diesel, urban Emissions factors for car travel Gas/petrol Size of CarUnits$Small petrol (max. 1.4 litre engine)&Medium petrol (1.4  2.1 litre engine)Large petrol (above 2.1 litres)Kg CO2 per unit(Small diesel (2.0 litre engine or under)$Large diesel (Over 2.0 litre engine)Fuel efficiency values Size of carmiles per gallon (mpg)$New small gas/petrol/electric hybridSmall gas/petrol, highwaySmall gas/petrol, cityMedium gas/petrol, highwayMedium gas/petrol, cityLarge gas/petrol, highwayLarge gas/petrol, cityLiquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)WSource: miles per gallon for typical vehicles based on averages from US EPA 2001 Guide.!http://www.epa.gov/autoemissions.kg CO2 per passenger kmkg of CO2/gallon Kg of CO2/litre xSource: Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2000, Appendix B, Table B1+cUK Rail1US Diesel Train2US Electric Train3US Coal Train4 kg CO2 per passenger mileKg CO2 per unitShort haul (approx. )Medium haul (approx. )   Long haulFE=AxCFlight Leg MilesFlight Leg KilometersQuantity of fuel usedDistance TraveledACalculation steps for the worksheet 'Emissions based on fuel use'ACalculation steps for the worksheet 'Emissions based on distance'# CO2 Emissions from Business Travel% Color Key:Automatic calculationStandard labelUser entry cellsAutomatic Calculation+Indirect CO2 Emissions from Business Travel ' &Year:- Emissions based on distance. This is the calculation tool for your office's indirect emissions from business travel using distance-based activity data.- Emissions based on fuel use. This is the calculation tool for your office's indirect emissions from business travel using fuel-based activity data.- Air activity data (distance). This worksheet helps you appropriately compile distance based air travel activity data, automatically separating air miles traveled into short, medium and long flights.W- Conversion Factors. This worksheet provides a chart for performing unit conversions.Indirect CO2 emissions from business travel are produced when employees undertake business travel using modes of transport such as cars, trains, buses and airplanes that are not owned by the office organization. This workbook will enable you to calculate your office's indirect emissions from business travel. Two approaches are provided, calculating emissions based on fuel use, and calculating emisions based on distance traveled. The workbook contains the following worksheets:  'To calculate indirect CO2 emissions from business travel based on fuel use, you need to determine the quantity of fuel burned in each mode of transportation, and the appropriate emissions factor. Note that columns A, B, C, etc. refer to the columns in the calculation tool, not to Excel columns.A separate worksheet, 'Air - Activity Data Distance' is provided to assist in the calculation of activity data for air travel. A large part of CO2 emissions from air travel occur during take off and landing, therefore, emissions per mile or kilometer traveled for short flights are higher than emissions for long flights. Use this worksheet to automatically identify short, medium and long flights, each of which will require a separate emissions factor.#4!$!Enter each single flight leg distance separately for each staff person. Enter distance traveled in miles in Column A or kms in Column B.In Column C, flights are automatically separated into short, medium, or long haul flights based on definitions provided in the worksheet 'Em_Factors'.#!vKms traveled in short, medium, and long haul flights are calculated automatically in Columns D, E, and F respectively.TIP:If your organization or travel agency tracks flight leg miles (or kms) flown per staff person on a monthly basis, duplicate this worksheet to estimate activity data separately for each month, and at the end of the year sum the monthly data to get the annual data.FStep 3. CO2 emissions in kg are automatically calculated in Column E.  HStep 3. CO2 emissions in kg are automatically calculated in Column E.   Step 4.CO2 emissions in metric tons are automatically calculated in Column F. These should be reported as indirect emissions under Scope 3 of the GHG Protocol.   Step 4.CO2 emissions in metric tons are automatically calculated in Column F. These should be reported as indirect emissions under Scope 3 of the GHG Protocol.   Note: Grey colored cells are protected to prevent formulas being inadvertently deleted. To unprotect < the worksheet, select Protection from the Tools menu followed by Unprotect Sheet. No password is required. kg/UnitmileCO2 emission factor kg/unitcustomNote: To add another employee, click on the last row number (eg 48), and the whole row will highlight. Go to the Insert menu, and choose row. A new row will appear in the worksheet.Diesel long-distance Diesel urban#Small Diesel (2.0 L engine or less)%Large Diesel (2.0L engine or greater)ySource: Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2000, Appendix B, Table B1 +c Jet keroseneNote: Jet kerosene is used by jet engines only. Aviation gasoline is used in piston powered airplanes. Jet kerosene is more common.gallonlitreFuelPetrol/Gasoline1 litre equals US gallons 1 km equals kg CO2/gallon kg CO2/litre kg CO2/poundpoundskglbs kg CO2/Unit kg CO2/ kg 1 kg equals kg CO2/ thermkg CO2 per passenger km'kg CO2 / standard cubic meter fuel used Transit Railthermsstandard cubic meter of fuel7.4805 US gallons (gal)1 US gallon (gal)42 US gallons (gal)0.2642 US gallons (gal)264.2 US gallons (gal)1.Source: Railtrack http://www.railtrack.co.uk/our_business/environment/benefits_of_rail/index.cfm gives annual passenger-miles and tonnes of CO2.b2.Source: Bureau of Transportation Statistics, 2000 (table 4.20/energy intensity for Amtrak 1997)3.Multiplies diesel locomotive numbers times two, assuming generation fuel mix is slightly less carbon intensive than diesel, but generation and transmission are about 40% efficient. This will vary considerably depending upon the carbon intensity.Source: Environmental Reporting  Guidelines for Company Reporting on GHG Emissions, UK DEFRA. http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/envrp/gas/10.htmNotes: Example data are provided in the worksheets to illustrate the application of the calculation methods used in these worksheets. Remember to remove the examples before you begin your own calculations but be careful not to remove any formulas from the grey shaded cells. Each worksheet is color coded to help illustrate which cells require input from you. A key to the color coding is at the top of each worksheet.|Step 2.Check that the units that will appear in Column D are consistent with the activity data unit you entered in Step 1. Step 1.Enter data on distance traveled by vehicle type and fuel type in Column A. In Column B, select the appropriate unit in which distance traveled data is measured from the pull-down menu that appears when you click on a cell.{This method can be used when vehicle activity data is in the form of distance traveled but fuel economy data is not available. In this case distance-based emissions factors will be required to calculate CO2 emissions. Please note it is always recommended to use vehicle-specific emission factors to achieve better accuracy of data. Calculating emissions requires following steps: Step 2.The distance-based emissions factor will appear in Column C in kg of CO2 per unit of activity data. If you prefer to enter in your own emissions factor, you will have to select "custom" in the pull-down menu in Column B and then unprotect the sheet in order to input a value in Column C. To unprotect a sheet, go to Tools, protection, unprotect sheet. Be sure not to mistakenly change other cells in the sheet, as now you can make changes in any cell. Several distance-based default emission factors are given in the worksheet 'Em_Factors' for different modes of transportation and activity data. Confirm that the emissions factor s unit in Column D is consistent with the activity data unit entered in Step 1. PQ$Anthracite CoalBituminous CoalSource: Energy Information Administration, Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States 2000, Appendix B, Table B1. For more information refer stationary combustion tool (emissions factors are provided in Worksheet 1 Direct) at www.ghgprotocol.org.US Transit Rail5r4.Multiplies diesel emissions per unit by 26.8/20.2, the ratio of Carbon emissions per gigajoule, coal to diesel. CNG, urbanOther fuel emissions factors CNG urbanNote: If you receive fuel data for coal trains in metric tons, the conversion is: 1 metric ton equals 1000 kg. For more information on conversion factors see Worksheet Conversion FactorsUnits for liquid fuelsUnits for solid fuels"Units for gaseous fuels (e.g. CNG)Step 1.Enter the quantity of fuel burned in Column A. Enter data separately for each mode of transportation and fuel type. Specify the unit in which fuel use data is measured in Column B by choosing an option from the pull-down menu that appears when you click on the cell (gray arrow on the right-hand side). An emissions factor will appear in Column C which corresponds to your mode of transportation and selected units. If you prefer to enter in your own emissions factor, select "custom" in the pull-down menu in Column B and then unprotect the sheet in order to input a value in Column C. To unprotect a sheet, go to Tools, protection, unprotect sheet. Be sure to not mistakenly change other cells in the sheet, as you can now make changes in any cell.  FThese worksheets are intended to be used in conjunction with Working 9 to 5 on Climate Change: An Office Guide. This publication will help you understand the difference betwen direct and indirect emissions and the concept of "Scope". Refer to 9 to 5 for detailed guidance on measuring and reporting emissions from an office.=n- Em_Factors. Provides common emissions factors for air, train, transit rail, car and bus travel. Also provides definitions of short, medium and long flights and US fuel effieciency factors for cars. 1 therm equals BTUAUser Agreement By using the Spreadsheets and associated materials in any manner, the User agrees to the following terms of this agreement: Copyright: The Spreadsheets and associated guidance were developed by WRI, and are copyrighted. The User acknowledges these copyrights. Acknowledgement: The User agrees to acknowledge WRI for its role in developing the Spreadsheets whenever the User authors reports or publications based in whole or in part on the use of the Spreadsheets. Disclaimer: The use of these tools is not a guarantee of an accurate or complete greenhouse gas emissions inventory. To develop a high quality inventory, it is essential to plan an inventory quality system that includes suitable internal and external reviews, and accuracy checks for activity data, emissions factors, and emissions calculations. 1TSource for diesel: Bureau of Transportation, National Transportation Statistics for 2000. Source for CNG: Multiplies diesel (urban) emissions per unit by 56/73.9, the ratio of CO2 emissions per terajoule, natural gas to diesel. Emission factors are based on lower heating values. They are sourced from Revised IPCC, 1996, Vol. 2, Table 1-2.5. To obtain this number, the following were multiplied: 3105Btu/psgr-mile(TEDB) * 1.055kJ/Btu (conversion) * 1kwh/3600 kJ (co<nversion) * 1.34 lbsCO2/kwh (EIA) * 0.4536 kgCO2/lbsCO2 (conversion) Sources: TEDB = Transportation Energy Data Book, Edition 22- 2002, Table 2.11. Available at http://www-cta.ornl.gov/data. EIA = ftp://ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/oiaf/1605/cdrom/pdf/e-supdoc.pdf, page 5. Note: transit rail is defined as light and heavy rail. 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The User acknowledges these copyrights.     2 ] Kp2 ]FAcknowledgement: The User agrees to acknowledge WRI for its role in       i2 ]Adeveloping the Spreadsheets whenever the User authors reports or e   p2 ]Fpublications based in whole or in part on the use of the Spreadsheets.   2 ] Ks2 ]HDisclaimer: The use of these tools is not a guarantee of an accurate or   r2 5]Gcomplete greenhouse gas emissions inventory. To develop a high quality    {2 J]Minventory, it is essential to plan an inventory quality system that includes  u2 _]Isuitable internal and external reviews, and accuracy checks for activity d U2 t]4data, emissions factors, and emissions calculations.  2 ]--- -'-- [- -'-- [-   -- @ !-- @ !Z-- @ !-- @ !-- @ !-- @ !Z--'- [-'- [-  -[- @ ![-- @ !-'՜.+,D՜.+, HP X`hp x   User agreement InstructionsEmissions based on fuel useEmissions based on distanceAir - Activity Data (Distance) Em_FactorsConversion Factors EF_custom Ef_for_km Ef_for_mileEm_Factors!Print_AreaInstructions!Print_Areaunits  Worksheets Named Ranges 8@ _PID_HLINKSA|MH"http://www.epa.gov/autoemissions. FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89q