Fossil fuel companies hold vast oil, gas and coal reserves that help determine their market value. These reserves are also the basis to understanding the potential climate risks of burning these fuels.Yet not a single fossil fuel company in the world discloses potential emissions from their reserves – and that is a big problem.

This emissions information is important for investors, as well as the broader public, to understand the risks to these companies and the planet. Research shows that a large portion of the world’s fossil fuel reserves will have to be留在地if we are to avert the most dangerous impacts of climate change. And the Financial Stability Board – the 20 most powerful central bankers and finance ministries in the world – today发布具有里程碑意义的报告which calls for companies to disclose climate-related risks, both financial and physical.

化石燃料公司的挑战的一部分是，到目前为止，他们还没有一种一致，可信的方法来计算其潜在排放。今天，WRI推出了有史以来第一个全面的测量和报告石油，天然气和煤炭储量潜在排放的方法.

Companies owe it to their investors and to the public to use this new guidance and reveal the potential impacts of their reserves. There are three reasons:

1.如果提取和燃烧化石燃料公司的整个储量，那么世界将偏离应对气候变化的轨道。必威官网是真的吗

科学家绝大多数同意，防止气候变化的最严重影响将需要将变暖限制为2度C（3.6。f）。必威官网是真的吗世界的“carbon budget,”或它可以释放的排放量并仍然遵守2度限制，为2011年至2100年之间的986 GTCO2。未能留在此预算之内，可以使行星超越关键的临界点，这将带来可怕的后果，例如枯萎的农田等。，漂白的珊瑚礁，动物的大规模灭绝以及某些地区，例如北非和中东变得不可居住。

化石燃料公司有足够的碳存储在储备中，可以使我们超过2度阈值。初步分析表明，200个最大的公共交易公司（按储备大小）至少有1,541 GTCO2潜在的排放量存储在其储备中，占世界碳预算的156％。

Alarmingly, this figure is based only on fuel burning, leaving out an important emissions source – the production and processing of the fuels. These upstream sources account for between5 percent and 37 percent(an average of 15 percent) of fossil fuels’ total emissions, from exploration to consumption.

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These upstream emissions are expected to increase as the world’s conventional fields get depleted and companies turn to fields that require more energy to extract, such as oil sands.

2.投资者越来越多地要求提供有关排放性能的信息。

鉴于气候挑战和政府致力于解决该问必威官网是真的吗题的承诺，随着投资者希望更多地了解其投资，尤其是在化石燃料竞技场，披露要求正在上升。

路透社的新分析表明48 percent of the world’s 4,400 largest companies report their emissionsto investors and stakeholders. This disclosure trend will continue, as socially responsible investing has grown10-fold自1990年代以来，并继续超过其他策略。投资者最关心公司的未来业绩，有关地面储备金潜在排放的数据提供了有关公司未来前景的宝贵信息。增加气候保护政策，例如必威官网是真的吗加拿大的碳税, could affect the valuation of their assets and eventually profits, so it’s essential for investors to know the potential emissions so that they can calculate the expected liability.

投资者已经制定了许多计划，以标准化与碳相关数据的披露并提高化石燃料行业的数据可用性。例如，CDP的年度气候变化问卷必威官网是真的吗has a module tailored to the oil and gas industry that calls on companies to disclose production and reserves by reserve type, emissions by stage in the value chain and development strategy. The全球气候披露框必威官网是真的吗架, a reporting guide issued by the Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change, Ceres and the Investor Group on Climate Change, calls on oil and gas companies to disclose the carbon intensity of their operations. Potential emissions data offers a complimentary perspective here because, when combined with data on reserve size, it is an indicator of the carbon intensity of future production.

3.公司正在减少其报告的储量规模，以反映经济的巨大结构变化。

In order to keep global temperature rise within range of safe levels, fossil fuel companies will need to consider a major shift in strategies, including limits on how much of their reserves they would use. Indeed, we’re already starting to see how this scenario could play out as a result of dropping oil prices. For example, Exxon Mobil最近宣布that it no longer considers 20 percent, or 4.5 billion barrels, of its proved oil reserves to be extractable. This reduction applies mostly to the company’s oil sand deposits in Canada, which are expensive to extract and use, and therefore particularly sensitive to dips in oil prices. The write-down is possibly the largest single-company revision in the history of the industry. This example suggests what governments could accomplish leveraging market forces to achieve their climate policies.

通过报告潜在的排放，一家公司将承认其对碳预算的贡献，并隐含地表明，它正准备响应低碳未来的政策和市场信号，例如碳污染的价格。

需求已经存在 - 现在，随着今天发布的新报告框架，公司拥有采取行动的资源。现在，公司可以加强并开始披露其潜在排放，这是其排放报告中不可或缺的一部分。

If reported within a corporate GHG inventory report, potential emissions should be reported as a memo item outside of the scopes. See theGHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standardfor further information.