The Paris Agreement adopted at COP21 last year placed unprecedented importance on climate adaptation and resilience. Last week, we started to learn how countries, cities, researchers and others are putting adaptation priorities into practice.

The适应期货会议in Rotterdam, Holland, brought together more than 1,700 practitioners and researchers from more than 95 countries—the largest conference on climate adaptation ever. From the discussions, it’s clear that knowledge and expertise on climate adaptation is evolving.

我们注意到了五个新兴趋势：

1) Success means affecting individual lives.

In her打开主题演讲，国际局执行秘书克里斯蒂安娜·菲格雷斯（Christiana Figueres）鼓励代表认为适应能够使人们的生活变得更好：“不要躲在总体后面，并冒着在个人层面上履行我们的责任的风险。我们每天早晨需要醒来的问题是：我们是否使这些人的生活更容易，更宜居？”

Adaptation efforts are only as effective as the impact they have on each person. Interventions around the world are beginning to reflect this, where previously they focused on aggregate impacts of climate change and did not consider the local, individualized analysis. For example, the city of Rio de Janeiro is testing indicators that measure and build resilience at the individual level. The ultimate aim is to identify policies and actions that can help individual persons enhance their capacities to manage climate change and become more resilient. To gain these insights, Rio de Janeiro’s resilience team will be measuring individuals’ perception of risk, their level of preparedness, and their knowledge on risk-reducing habits.

2）城市处于最前沿。

Cities are reaching the forefront of both climate impacts and climate action. As populations grow and climate-related natural disasters strain cities, adaptation and resilience need to be integrated into urban development.

一些城市已经在适应的优先级。纽约, London, Durban and scores of other cities have established special task forces and partnerships to tackle climate change at the highest levels of local government. Meanwhile, local councils in Australia have begun integrating climate hazards into local and state legislating to驱动自下而上的改编. For example, in Pittwater, Australia, permission for development is “only granted once the local council is satisfied that sea level rise, coastal erosion and recession, or change of flooding patterns as a result of climate change have been considered.”

3）我们需要大量思考。

适应正在从小型的一次性试点项目过渡到大规模的持续计划。它从增量实践发展到更系统的实践。

例如，鹿特丹市应用了一个简单的概念“piggy-backing” to mainstream adaptation和resilience across the city’s infrastructure. The city started assessing urban development projects with a climate lens, assigning adaptation mainstreaming managers to them. Adaptation is now built-in to urban planning decisions—for example, the city created procedures for when high temperatures affect bridge performance, and developed standards for permeable pavement that can accommodate heavy rain and flooding.

4）基于自然的解决方案正在获得基础。

专家晋升基于自然的解决方案为了适应改善城市的弹性，增加水的获取，保护自然生态系统并降低灾害风险。必威官网手机版天然或“绿色”基础设施（例如森林和水上恢复的景观，以及用于热应激和洪水的树木，草和绿色屋顶）可以提供具有成本效益和可持续性的解决方案，以补充传统建筑或“灰色”基础设施。例如，慕尼黑技术大学发现树木和绿色的墙壁可以抵消由于气候变化而导致的较高温度。必威官网是真的吗

5) Adaptation will transform development models.

We adapt to climate change not for the sake of it, but for some greater goal—food security, continued prosperity, livelihood security and so on. It is therefore a means to an end for more holistic, climate-compatible development. The message that we can achieve more if we are cognizant of adaptation in the context of larger development outcomes resounded with practitioners and financers at Adaptation Futures.

例如，为了主流适应国家发展计划过​​程，赞比亚政府开始跟踪国家预算中的融资，并训练有素的省级规划部门和地区规划官员，将气候韧性主流到发展规划中。必威官网是真的吗这一过程产生了14个地区级路线图。

向前迈进更快

The trends highlighted above are reasons for optimism that climate action is gaining both speed and scale. At the same time, there are many opportunities to move the ball further on adaptation.

While adaptation finance has increased in recent years, it’s not reaching local levels fast enough, particularly in developing countries at the frontline of climate impacts. Within this context, a majority of the sessions highlighted the need to engage the private sector. However, the question of how to most effectively and efficiently do so is still live. Finally, many sessions underlined the importance of breaking down siloes and identifying co-benefits with mitigation for adaptation to reach its fullest potential and contribute to sustainable development goals.

现在，由许多会议参与者决定这些想法和优先事项，以确保2016年真正成为一个适应年份.