第十九United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Conference of the Parties (COP)正在成型为“construction COP” where nations take steps toward achieving a new global climate agreement by 2015. But with wide-ranging interests at the same table,establishing equity在国际气候谈判中再次成为中心舞台，将成为获得新的全球气候协议的关键问题。必威官网是真的吗

The 2015 agreement is meant to apply to all nations, raising obvious questions about which countries will take what actions and how equity factors into those determinations. Since ensuring all Parties consider the climate agreement fair is a necessary first step to meaningful participation, WRI’s new paper,公平Lessons from Multilateral Regimes for the New Climate Agreement，检查如何在许多多边环境，贸易，人权和国际援助协议中对股权进行处理。

这项探索是作为气候正义对话合作项目的一部分进行的必威官网是真的吗玛丽·罗宾逊基金会 - 气候正义必威官网是真的吗and was supported by theClimate & Development Knowledge Network (CDKN).

尽管我们研究的制度与气候政策和UNFCCC不同，但它们提供了重要的教训和类比，以帮助必威官网是真的吗指导IFCC在2015年取得公平和包容的结果。股票不能在摘要中解决，但必须将其纳入谈判中新的气候必威官网是真的吗协议以具体的方式。

By studying what’s worked, and sometimes what hasn't, in other international regimes, important lessons emerge and point to five specific approaches that are important for the UNFCCC process:

1.股权以多维方式解决。

公平是通过协议区分各方承诺的部分方式来解决的。但是，公平也反映在促进政权目标并促进参与的机构，支持和程序中。新的气候协议必威官网是真的吗只会公平雄心勃勃if it addresses equity in this broader, multi-dimensional way. This approach should also include developing equity frameworks incorporating a full range of issues such as vulnerability to climate impacts and access to technology.

2. An effective process for determining equity can start with consideration of objective factors followed by a dynamic political process.

Establishing an effective process to determine differentiated commitments is essential to success. Agreement can be reached when a basket of objective criteria provide a starting point for discussion but conclusions are reached through negotiations. Though there are clear differences between European Union (EU) policy and the UNFCCC, the EU experience in determining effort sharing for greenhouse gas emission reductions is a particularly instructive model for the UNFCCC in this regard. In both 1997 and 2009, the EU process began with a variety of criteria for setting country targets, including equity factors, before negotiating an outcome with reasonably equitable commitments.

In the UNFCCC, a robust consideration of equity should be integrated into the negotiation process for proposing national mitigation offers and assessing those offers. This might involve agreeing on indicators up-front, or allowing countries to choose their own but justifying their view of equity during the review and assessment process.

3.多种区分承诺的方法可能很有价值。

多边制度使用了许多方法来差异化，探索各种国家承诺之间的差异方法将对UNFCCC的下一步有用。区分义务的时机一直是在某些制度中取得成功的有用模型，在气候环境中可能尤其重要。必威官网是真的吗

此外，灵活的前进运动（达成了一些但并非所有各方的提高承诺的协议）可能会随着时间的推移加强政权。联合国公司还可以为各国制定对某些政策或技术采取行动的多边承诺的途径，从而使某些国家“走得更快”，其容量较小。

4. Access to technologies and capacity for innovation is essential.

增加获得金融和技术的同时增加能力是成功的关键，并可以帮助从分担负担转变为镀锌机会的思维方式转变。例如，蒙特利尔协议的多边基金是发展中国家刺激对新技术投资的催化剂，这有助于与发达国家保持竞争环境。虽然气候变化的原因更为复杂，并且比消除臭必威官网是真的吗氧的物质更深入地融入全球经济中，但仍然需要使用特定技术和能力建设，以确保所有国家都可以减轻和适应气候变化，并且应该是气候协议谈判中的集中介绍。必威官网是真的吗

5. Ensuring equity while establishing procedures and institutions strengthens participation and compliance.

促进合规性而不是制裁的促进方式对于许多多边制度的发展中国家来说很有用，尤其是作为一个过程的一部分，包括与国家讨论他们如何使他们的责任和能力保持一致。此外，确保国家对国家战略和计划，财务重点和财务实施的所有权至关重要。

例如，国际援助有效性框架强调了国家所有权以及国家确定的优先事项和推动变革的策略的核心作用。由于这一重点，发展中国家采用了强大的国家级发展策略，同时改善了跟踪绩效的措施和标准。在UNFCCC中，使用促进模式来促进合规性并确保国家对战略和计划的所有权可以建立更深层次的参与水平。

最终，尽管其他制度并不是与UNFCCC的确切类比，尽管气候变化构成了特定的，有时甚至是独特的挑战，但我们发现，来自其他制度的这些教训对于气候谈判可能非常有价值。必威官网是真的吗公平在达成共识方面起着核心作用，联合国公司（UNFCCC）应考虑这些课程，以便有效地建立更公平，更强大的气候行动。必威官网是真的吗