Ethiopia has made an ambitious commitment to curb its greenhouse gas emissions between now and 2030. As one of Africa’s most vulnerable nations, and the first least developed country to submit its Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) to the UNFCCC, Ethiopia communicated its plans to cut emissions below 2010 levels from150 megatonnesof carbon dioxide equivalent (Mt CO2e) in 2010 to 145 MtCO2e in 2030. This represents a major shift, since conventional economic growth would more than double Ethiopia’s greenhouse emissions by 2030.

INDC以埃塞俄比亚的气候弹性绿色经济（CRGE）战略为基础，该必威官网是真的吗战略致力于减少排放和建立气候弹性，同时在2025年之前实现中等收入地位，并在国际上进行核心目标。

图1：通过埃塞俄比亚的承诺达到的排放水平资料来源：https：//bit.ly/1jvef5j

Ethiopia’s contribution represents a 64 percent emissions reduction from business-as-usual emissions by 2030, a deeper cut than might be expected of a least developed country. Ethiopia仅贡献全球排放的0.3％，，，，while其人口中有76％无法获得电力and72 percent of Ethiopians live on less than $2 a day。

In the CRGE, Ethiopia identified climate actions with the greatest mitigation potential, giving priority to steps that will yield significant co-benefits and reduce climate vulnerability.

The INDC indicates that full implementation of Ethiopia’s ambitious goals depends on expenditures of more than $150 billion by 2030 and will therefore require significant capital investment. However, Ethiopia has said it will tap domestic resources to pay for some of its commitment and will undertake analysis to determine what can be accomplished without support and what will require international support.

埃塞俄比亚的气候承诺除了雄心勃勃之外，与过去的其他发展中国家更复杂的表述相反，埃塞俄比必威官网是真的吗亚的气候承诺以简单的术语（将排放量降低到一年中的一定水平）。例如，作为预计的企业与平局级别以下的排放量减少的目标要复杂得多，透明度较小，并且使跟踪进度更加困难。尤其是中等收入的国家，应该遵循埃塞俄比亚设定明确，易于跟踪，简单的目标的例子。

使用INDC传达广泛的适应计划

Ethiopia’s INDC includes a section on adaptation in its climate commitment. The INDC notes the extensive adaptation planning process in Ethiopia. Ethiopia goes on to outline medium- and long-term actions to reduce vulnerability in key priority areas relating to drought, floods, and other cross-cutting interventions.

These include measures such as capacity building to cope with the spread of diseases; strengthening water resource management, and developing insurance that can support farmers and herders in times of disaster. The adaptation component also notes that to achieve its long-term goal, action will be needed to identify capacity gaps and build capacity to mainstream adaptation into all public and private development initiatives. It also notes that the response to climate change requires participation of the entire population, and notes the importance of measures to increase the status of women, the welfare of children, and the well-being of the elderly, disabled, and environmental refugees.

Transparent Communication

埃塞俄比亚的INDC非常透明。它包括有关目标设计的许多假设，包括如何确定目标水平以及部门和温室气体覆盖率。通过更详细的解释，将如何考虑土地部门的考虑，以及如何将出售给其他当事方的任何单位与埃塞俄比亚的目标计算一倍。话虽如此，埃塞俄比亚要求为土地部门和市场机制制定强大的会计规则，以增强跟踪INDC的环境完整性。

INDC对公平和野心的描述是迄今为止提交的最强大，最透明的之一，它是根据排放责任，能力（包括发展需求和优先事项）以及追求低碳途径的潜力而定的。墨西哥和瑞士等其他国家也使用了类似的框架，但是埃塞俄比亚的INDC在解决一系列问题方面进一步解决了。它提供了明确的数据来解释其贡献，包括人均排放（包括当前和预计），拥有电力的人口百分比以及优先级部门的排放潜力。INDC还突出了低碳发展和弹性作用之间的协同作用。

While more transparency could be provided on what portion of the INDC can be achieved without international support, Ethiopia has committed to providing such details later. At this point, it is difficult to assess what emissions may result if such support is not achieved.

总体而言，埃塞俄比亚的INDC为发展中国家的2020年后承诺设计雄心勃勃。埃塞俄比亚是否能够吸引足够的财政支持以充分执行其目标以实现其目标还有待观察。但是，如果有资源可用，埃塞俄比亚已经表现出对低碳经济的承诺，并将自己确立为世界其他地方可以遵循的领导者。