印度议会于2019年7月31日批准了《机动车修正案法案》，这是为了改善国家道路安全立法的五年努力。总统批准后，印度的街道可能最终成为行人和司机的更安全的地方。

道路交通死亡人数已达到全球令人震惊的水平，1.35 million人们每年发生交通事故死亡，但印度的道路安全是有记录以来最糟糕的。大约149,000人仅在2018年，就在印度道路上丧生。印度约占全球汽车的2％，但造成了11％以上的道路交通死亡。

Shifting Priorities from Moving Cars to Moving People

改善道路安全的国家经常通过有效的中央立法, such as Sweden, Australia, United Kingdom etc. While India has been discussing amending its Motor Vehicles Act for more than two decades, the trigger for action came when then-Central MinisterGopinath Munde was killedin a traffic crash in June 2014. India’s signing of the巴西宣言为了减少道路交通死亡，到2020年，有50％的势头促进了进一步的动力。

1988年的《印度汽车法》是在该国的机动阶段起草的。决策者希望提高机动车所有权，从而优先考虑货物和乘客的移动。但是立法缺少一个关键特征：安全。

印度的三种方式将提高安全性：

道路安全围绕用户，车辆和基础设施展开。机动车修订法案以重要的方式解决了这三个部分：

  1. 道路安全和基础设施规划师：

    The bill proposes creating a board with representation from state governments to advise central and state governments on road safety and traffic management. The bill empowers the central government to come up with national transport policy, which would help develop a framework for planning, granting permits and setting priorities for the road transport sector. Encouragingly, the bill clearly links infrastructure design to safety. If agencies, contractors or even consultants fail to design or maintain safe roads, the government can penalize them with fines of up to $1,500. The bill also proposes a new category of permits that will help scale up public transport services in cities as well as rural areas. Research shows that the risk of being involved in a traffic crash increases with every kilometer travelled in a personal vehicle. Increased use of public transport not only improves accessibility, but reduces vehicle travel, thereby改善道路安全。

  2. Road safety and vehicle manufacturers:

    The bill empowers the government to ask manufacturers to recall motor vehicles if they could potentially damage the health and safety of road users, whether because of design flaws, emissions or other features. The bill would also allow the central government to levy penalties of up to $15 million if vehicle manufacturers fail to meet motor vehicle standards. The bill also recognizes ride-hailing companies like Uber and Ola. This will help better regulate these companies in terms of drivers’ working hours, data sharing including over things like speeding and traffic violations, and more.

  3. 道路安全和道路使用者

    该法案中最容易说的规定之一是加强罚款。印度的许多交通犯罪，例如酒后驾车和超速行驶，目前有较低的刑事规定。加强的处罚将起到威慑作用，并希望提高安全性。该法案还将创建一项机动车事故基金，向印度的所有道路使用者提供强制保险，从驾驶员到骑自行车的人到行人。该基金将支付受害者的治疗，补偿受害者的亲戚等等。该法案还保护“好撒玛利亚人”，任何人通过提供紧急医疗或非医疗支持来协助坠机受害者的人免受任何民事或刑事诉讼。对于少年司机犯下的罪行，该法案建议车辆的监护人或所有者有罪。

在印度建立道路安全运动

WRI has supported proposals to include road safety in India’s motor vehicle laws since the issue first came up for public discussion in 2014. WRI provided evidence to Indian agencies on how strong legislation improves road safety and raised awareness about a“Safer by Design”通过对民间社会团体，卡车运输和出租车协会的意见，研讨会和培训来实现道路安全和可持续流动的方法。这有助于建立共识，即可持续发展可以在改善道路安全方面发挥重要作用。

道路交通崩溃是印度的流行病。这不仅是一个公共卫生问题，而且是一个经济问题：该国失去了580亿美元，占其GDP的3％，每年由于道路交通崩溃。提高道路安全的好处远远超出了印度公民的整体生活质量，无疑将挽救许多生命。