这巴黎协议has set the world on course for transformative climate action to cut emissions, promote clean energy, build climate resilience, and catalyze climate action investments. The Agreement’s backbone is transparency and accountability on the steps countries are taking toward these goals. This transparency is vital for building international trust and confidence that action is taking place as well as for assessing how to facilitate further action.

这Agreement’s provisions on Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) are central to this transparency system. The transparency framework will provide countries and wider stakeholders with the information and feedback they need on actual progress to improve efforts and promote efficient and cost-effective policies while also providing domestic and international accountability.

巴黎协定还毫无疑问地通过以下规定提供了强大，增强的透明度和问责制框架：

  • Universal and harmonized reporting and verification requirements
  • A commitment to enhance transparency over time, while taking account of countries’ differing capacities
  • Legally binding rules and processes holding all countries accountable

通用和协调的会计，报告和验证要求

这Paris transparency framework brings all countries into a common process for providing enhanced data and tracking progress against their commitments on mitigation, adaptation, and support. Countries agreed to the following common obligations:

  • 常规，更全面的报告：所有国家都必须根据政府间小组中的国际科学标准定期提交国家温室气体排放清单，并在气候变化方面进行报告，并报告取得进展必威官网是真的吗nationally determined contributions (NDCs)for mitigation. The reports will occur on a biennial basis for all countries, except the least developed countries (LDCs) and small island developing states (SIDS) who will report at their discretion. This will provide unprecedented clarity on global emission trends and countries’ actions.
  • In addition, countries will also regularly provide updates on their adaptation efforts, with developed countries sharing information on support they have provided (including finance), and developing countries sharing information for support they have received or provided.
  • 协调验证过程：对于所有各方，他们提交的信息将受到技术专家审查和多边，促进进度的考虑。
  • 共同的方式，程序和准则：会计，报告和验证指南将在巴黎之后起草；2018年完全开发；并在2020年正式采用 - 及时参加下一轮NDC和协议生效。
  • 会计排放和拆卸的原则：各方提交其NDC将由环境完整性，透明度，准确性，完整性，可比性和一致性以及避免双重计数的原则指导。NDC中使用的会计方法指南将于2020年制定和采用。

Facilitating Improvement Over Time While Acknowledging Different Capacities

由于某些能力有限的国家可能尚不完全能够实施透明度的共同规则，因此《巴黎协定》承认这些国家将需要改善其透明度系统。为了建立信心并随着时间的推移提高这些透明度系统，巴黎透明度框架为发展中国家提供了基于特定国家（尤其是对麻省理工艺性和SIDS）的能力的灵活性和支持实施。巴黎之后要采用的方式和准则将反映出这种灵活性，同时仍确保所有国家使用共同规则。

能力建设将使发展中国家能够建立有效的透明度系统。每个国家的技术专家审查将特别关注发展中国家政党的国家能力和环境，并协助发展中国家确定能力建设需求，尤其是为了发挥最大的麻烦和SIDS的需求。此外，建立了透明度的能力建设计划，以增强制度和技术能力，并支持发展中国家根据《巴黎协定》满足其要求。

具有法律约束力的规则和流程，以使各国负责并维护环境完整性

持久，可操作和有效协议的关键是在国家的参与度，规则严格和合规性之间找到适当的平衡。在巴黎协定的透明度规定中确保了这种余额，并具有具有法律约束力和其他较少严格规定的混合体，该协议提供了两项措施来促进有效的实施：

  • 这agreed-upon technical expert review process includes consideration of countries’ implementation and achievement of their NDCs, identification of areas for improvement, and review of whether the information provided is consistent with the rules agreed.
  • 这outcome of the MRV process will trigger the review by the committee established under the agreement to address implementation questions and promote compliance in a facilitative and transparent way.

这巴黎协定透明度框架使所有国家都处于一个公平的竞争环境中，并为能力较小的发展中国家提供了灵活性。虽然将从2016年开始设计完整的相关规则和程序，但该协议已经为实现气候转变所需的强大而雄心勃勃的行动和支持奠定了基础。必威官网是真的吗