海洋经济为全球经济贡献了1.5万亿美元以上的价值。lossof $1.9 billion for international shipping carriers alone. Coastal communities were hardest hit, with an估计的由于旅游业的下降,在小岛发展中心的GDP中,GDP的74亿美元下降。基于海洋的部门与土地经济体之间的联系意味着这些影响在整个经济中都具有经济和社会影响。

尽管它对全球经济和人民的生计至关重要,但在Covid-19刺激套餐中,海洋经济却被忽略了100万亿美元宣布由政府迄今为止。这是一个错过的机会,无论是在支持受到深远影响的海洋工人和社区以及可持续海洋解决方案的潜在投资回报率方面。最近的分析表明,在可持续海洋经济中投资的每1美元都将产生至少5美元的回报。

一种new report由高级面板为可持续的海洋经济委托,通过提议从Covid-19的经济复苏的路线图来帮助解决这一差距,以利用海洋经济的机会,并确保投资有助于促进前进的可持续海洋经济,从而有效保护有效保护的,以保护有效保护,以保护有效的保护海洋生态系统,可持续生产和公平的繁荣 - 本质上是“可持续和公平的蓝色恢复”。

Blue Stimulus: 5 Priority Opportunities For Investment

该报告建议政府一组五个优先机会,以考虑立即投资刺激基金,以支持冠状病毒危机中可持续和公平的蓝色回收。这些互惠互利的无需重新覆盖机会现在特别重要,因为它们有潜力为受影响的社区和部门提供短期经济,社会,健康和环境福利,同时建立长期的社会,经济和生态弹性。

1.投资沿海和海洋生态系统修复和保护

沿海和海洋生态系统的恢复和保存(红树林,盐沼,海草和礁石)可以创造短期工作机会:根据活动的类型,从每100万美元投资的15到33个工作机会。沿海和海洋生态系统还可以保护洪水和风暴潮,过滤水并改善水质,隔离碳并提高小型和手工渔业的生产力。

最近的分析表示有潜在的净收益为970亿美元至1500亿美元,用于红树林修复,480亿美元至960亿美元,从2020年到2050年,红树林保护量为960亿美元,恢复2:1的福利成本比率为2:1,保存为88:12050。

Recommendation: Governments should establish national funds or commit to public funding for restoration projects while accelerating policy and regulatory reform to ensure high protection and effective management for long-term economic benefits.

2. Invest in Wastewater and Sewerage Infrastructure For Coastal Communities

沿海地区缺乏或效率低下的废水和污水基础设施会影响沿海社区的健康和福祉,导致昂贵的海滩关闭和损害珊瑚礁。新基础设施的发展可以创造就业机会,同时防止未来的水源性疾病,提高水安全并提高沿海水质以进行旅游业。

潜在节省的规模很大:加勒比海因珊瑚礁退化而损失9500万美元至1.4亿美元的净收入,每年1亿美元至3亿美元的旅游收入,每年1.4亿美元至4.2亿美元,减少沿海保护。

Recommendation: Governments should commit public funding for the development of wastewater treatment and reuse facilities in coastal communities and sanitation treatment and services.

3.投资可持续的,社区主导的海洋水产养殖(马里栽培)

Community-led initiatives aimed at developing self-supporting shellfish and seaweed farming (e.g., not reliant on external feed and with minimal environmental impacts) can provide diverse economic opportunities through multiple products such as meat, pearls, poultry grit and construction material from shellfish and biofuels; plastic; and feedstocks for seaweed. Investments in the sustainable production of ocean-based protein can support the growing demand for food and global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

建议:政府应资助可行性研究,赠款,微贷款,以及针对沿海社区的能力建设和培训计划,以实现可持续海洋水产养殖(Maraculture)的发展。

4.提供激励措施以刺激零排放海洋运输的投资

Using stimulus funds to invest in zero-emission marine transport will create jobs and protect roles for existing workers through transferable skills, while increasing the health and prosperity of those living and working near ports and on vessels. Recent分析表明,用于脱碳的投资国际海上运输部门可以在30年(2020-50)中提供1.2万亿美元至9万亿美元的净折扣收益,而2050年的福利成本比率为2:1和5:1。

Recommendation: Governments should offer public investment, subsidies, tax cuts and government loans to incentivize private sector investments to upgrade, update or replace vessels.

5.提供激励措施来催化可持续的海洋可再生能源

海洋-based renewable energy could help meet the growing global energy demand while reducing the use of and dependency on fossil fuels and, in turn, global greenhouse gas emissions. The expansion of this industry would also result in job creation and the preservation of roles previously held in offshore oil and gas industries through transferable skills. Recent分析建议在30年内估计收益的净现值为3亿至6.8万亿美元,用于扩大海上风能生产,收益成本比为2:1和17:1。

建议:政府应集中允许,设定国家目标并提供财务和收入支持,以刺激基于海洋的可再生能源行业。

Blue Transformations: Building Blocks For Long-term Economic Recovery

While these blue stimulus measures address immediate short-term needs by focusing on job creation, there is also a need for investments to address long-term economic recovery. Through systemic change and pivotal infrastructure projects, measures like:

  • 投资于刺激创新和新技术的研究和开发(例如,用于海洋运输的零发射燃料或芬鱼海养殖的低碳饲料选择)。
  • Establishing regulatory reform to provide an enabling environment for a sustainable ocean economy (e.g., comprehensive integrated ocean management and marine spatial planning processes and shift harmful subsidies to more sustainable and equitable uses).
  • Stimulating public/private partnerships for a blue transition, which can provide long-term resilience and sustainable progress (e.g., support port authorities to transition to ‘blue ports’ and port reception facilities or incentivise cold storage capacity through access to affordable credit).

蓝色条件:利用金融刺激进步

财务机制(例如债务重组和财务赠款)为激励可持续的恢复工作提供了前所未有的机会,并避免了在可持续渔业管理,海洋保护和海洋数据中已经取得的进步。通过将“蓝色条件”附加到私营部门的赠款和债务减免协议上,政府可以继续推进长期的议程,这些议程最终将提高海洋经济的弹性并帮助经济复苏工作。

尽管可以附上任何形式的“蓝色状况”,但该报告突出了两个特定的机会,这些机会利用了新兴和创新的技术来避免进行回滚:

  1. 捕鱼行业的数字化促进可持续的渔业管理和结束非法,未报告和不受监管的捕鱼(例如,船舶的注册;数字可追溯性,以提高透明度并增强监测,控制和监视;以及电子监测和电子监测和报告)。
  2. Disclosure of ocean data to inform decision-making (e.g., greenhouse gas emissions of domestic fishing and other vessels, and financial disclosure of alignment with ocean sustainability).

人类处于十字路口。刺激套件现在锁定高发,高污染和不平等的发展途径将对海洋健康,全球气候紧急情况,经济韧性,人类健康和繁荣产生灾难性的影响。必威官网是真的吗海洋经济可以为经济救济提供丰富的机会,同时确保社区可以重建更可持续,富有弹性和公平的未来。

The solutions for recovery will differ for each country, but it is critical that the ocean gains greater prominence as a key ally in national and international economic recovery efforts. We must use this critical juncture to shift from business as usual to reset and build the sustainable ocean economy for the future.