In India, as in many countries where agriculture is key, farmers are facing serious challenges from climate change. New climatic conditions are undermining the livelihoods of millions of farmers in India, raising doubts about whether farmers can continue to grow the same crops they are currently producing. Small changes won’t do. These farmers need new options, information and technology to help them transform how they farm to survive in a changing climate.

This kind of transformation is being powered by enhanced climate services – defined as systems to develop and provide climate information to help farmers make more climate-informed decisions - and improved crop research and development, aiding Indian farmers as they begin to shift from water-intensive crops like maize to drought- and heat-tolerant varieties of millet, a traditional crop that had dropped out of favor in recent decades.

转型始于数据：印度40年的天气和气候信息表明，尽管总降雨量保持一致，但雨天的数量减少了，季风的发作经常被推迟，导致大米和必威官网是真的吗玉米产量下降。将这些数据与长期气候预测相结合表明，随着气候的不断变化，小米种植可能会必威官网是真的吗更加成功的领域。鼓励农民在这些地区恢复小米的生产，并在以后的种植以及其他变化以及收益率提高。

Spurring Transformative Adaptation Worldwide

As in India, some farming communities around the world are expected to facedevastating food insecurity by 2050，尤其是在低收入国家，自然资源退化，贫困，城市化和其他发展挑战的挑战会扩大气候变化的影响。必威官网是真的吗面对更频繁的极端天气事件，温度转移和降雨模式， 和more pests and diseases，维持现有农作物和农业实践的增量变化是不够的。

反而，transformative approaches to adaptationwill be necessary to ensure that crop and livestock production remains viable. Transformative adaptation recognizes that in climate change hotspots, fundamental aspects of agricultural systems, such as how, where and what types of food are produced, will have to change.

改进的作物研发和气候服务可以帮助必威官网是真的吗

在两篇新论文中，WRI研究人员探讨了如何改变两个关键研究领域以更好地实现变革性适应：作物研发（R＆D）和气候服务。必威官网是真的吗气候服务的示例包括在线平必威官网是真的吗台，软件程序和建模系统，用于分析和共享气候数据以满足用户的需求。

Systemic shifts in agriculture require that long-term climate projections and targeted climate data be included in adaptation and investment plans. However,researchers foundthat few such plans and strategies include the need to improve climate services to support building long-term resilience.

According to this research, climate services should be enhanced in three ways. First, climate services for agricultural adaptation must be broadened from the current focus on daily and seasonal forecasts to look at decadal and longer-term planning out to 2050. Second, climate services must expand to account for biological, environmental, and social and economic factors that may affect agricultural planning. Third, adaptation planners, policymakers, funders, and other stakeholders that use climate services should be given access to tailored solutions that meet their needs, along with additional tools, guidance and capacity to help them incorporate climate services into their work.

WRI researchers also found这种气候变必威官网是真的吗化已经影响到某些农作物和牲畜系统，并敦促在农作物生存能力和新作物的选择方面进行更多的投资。

Around the world, governments, climate adaptation funders, and the private sector must invest more in the kind of crop R&D needed to develop and disseminate either new crop varieties, or new alternatives. This can be done by improving basic R&D capacity, decreasing breeding times, enhancing gene banks and data systems, and expanding the range and genetic diversity of crops researched.

重要的是，研究人员说，对研发的投资必须与投资相匹配，以帮助农民采用新的气候富裕的农作物品种和物种，尤其是在资源有限的高风险中。必威官网是真的吗例如，印度盐水入侵米饭的农民正在参加研究试验，以开发更多耐盐的水稻品种。在埃塞俄比亚，农民参与参与性植物育种for climate resilience — an emerging approach that involves farmers in defining breeding goals and priorities, research design and commercialization, and in carrying out key steps of the plant breeding process. Through participatory breeding, farmers can improve the ways in which seeds are saved and shared locally, helping disseminate newly developed crops within their local networks.

印度的小米转换说明了增强的气候服务和作物研发以及更好地获取种子和信息的方式如何推动变革性适应。必威官网是真的吗收集数据至关重要，但仅是开始。印度政府与非政府组织合作提供了一系列干预措施，使农民能够改变其玉米的生产，这些玉米在更炎热，更干燥的条件下变得不适合更弹性的小米生产。其中包括分发小米的传统耐旱品种，建立鼓励种植的激励措施，并为农民提供每日和季节性的天气信息，以帮助增加产量。印度的小米农民证明，新的信息，技术和实践以及集中努力吸引农业社区的努力可以产生成功的气候适应以建立长期的弹性。必威官网是真的吗