来自世界各地的城市领导人在2016年10月17日至20日在厄瓜多尔的基多举行会议，在联合国住房和可持续城市发展会议上为城市未来设定全球议程，称为Habitat III。通过《世界资源报告》（WRR）关于可持续城市的报告，WRI提供了研究，以帮助创建生活，移动和繁荣的城市。

每20年一次，全世界的城市领导人聚集在一起，以确定世界城市的最佳行动方案。今年，在Habitat III, the 21st century challenges for cities are clear: the planet’s urban population is expected to increase by 60 percent by 2050, with much of that growth occurring in lower income countries and in cities with lower budgets per capita to address the challenges created by urbanization.

Wri的世界资源报告：走向更平等的城市examines whether providing equitable access to core services leads to a more economically productive and environmentally sustainable city.

城市的挑战

下一代城市将与过去的城市大不相同，这需要重新检查对城市化挑战的常规反应。想象一下，到2050年，中国和印度的综合人口（超过25亿人）进入了世界城市，主要是亚洲和非洲的城市。到本世纪中期，全球52％的城市人口将在亚洲，非洲将为21％。

While the global poverty rate is falling, the proportion of the poor living in cities is greater than ever before. This makes it harder for cities to provide basic services for all residents. Our research finds that as much as 70 percent of urban residents in emerging and struggling Asian, African and Latin American cities lack reliable access to core services such as housing, water, energy and transportation. City leaders face a tension between meeting the immediate and growing demand for services, and making longer term decisions that affect the built environment.

What does this mean for Job Mauti in Nairobi, who walks two hours to work each day to support his large extended family, and uses kerosene and an illegal electricity connection to provide energy for cooking and lights for studying in his home? What does it mean for Anita in Delhi, who has a university degree and a good job, but must spend a long time taking a combination of buses, metro and rickshaws to get to work, and still feels unsafe? Or Didi in Porto Alegre, Brazil, whose family has a house with access to services, but in an area where crime is a constant threat?

For these three city-dwellers and millions more like them, the lack of access to core services can mean they are forced to fend for themselves in inefficient and costly ways that hamper their quality of life and risk damaging the environment.

满足核心服务需求的方法

《世界资源报告》可以公平地访问核心服务作为其入口点，并探索满足城市服务不足的需求是否导致更具生产力和环境可持续性的城市。WRR将研究城市如何为不断增长的人口提供位于经济机会和基本服务附近的安全，负担得起的庇护所。它着眼于长期有效的政策方法。WRR专门探讨了非正式定居点的升级，对租赁市场的支持以及未充分利用土地的创造用途。该报告探讨了城市如何通过现代燃料，干净有效的库克炉以及分布式可再生能源等创新来提供干净，负担得起，可靠的能源。它还分析了城市如何将人们放在决策的核心，以支持步行，骑自行车和可访问的公共交通工具的核心。

我们如何改变城市？

特定于部门的方法是一个开始，但还不够。为了建立蓬勃发展的城市，我们需要超越孤立的部门解决方案和零碎方法的方法。通过对两项案例研究的初步分析，麦德林和苏拉特，我们观察到城市转型涵盖了一些共同的特征 - 一个具有共同愿景的城市变革代理的强大联盟，成功地解决了一个开创性的问题，该问题释放了积极变化的周期实施雄心勃勃的改革和长期政治承诺的财政资源。尽管有这些共同的特征，但每个城市都没有单一的道路。通过一系列更深入的，城市级别的案例研究，我们将提出一个问题：是否可以从成功转型的案例中学习，以帮助其他城市迎来自己的转型？

Medellin, Colombia, transformed itself from the murder capital of the world into a thriving metropolis, in part by improving access to core services in imaginative ways. For example, the city constructed a cable car system to connect isolated hillside communities to the city center. This and other urban development projects helped the municipal government build a coalition with political leaders and the private sector, which in turn built momentum for more changes, such as new schools, new parks, a museum and a revised housing policy that legalized informal homes. No single factor explains the transformation in Medellin; a mutually reinforcing set of factors made the change happen.

在印度苏拉特, an outbreak of plague prompted a change in the healthcare system and triggered urban transformation. The city government initiated vigorous cleanup efforts, changes to waste management and water systems, and new public health monitoring. These reforms were accompanied by changes to the governance and budget processes, and further buoyed by strong municipal leadership and coalition-building with the private sector and civil society groups. The result was transformation in still other areas, such as flood risk management and building climate resilience.

这些只是两个例子，其中针对核心城市服务，改善城市中大多数人的生活质量可以导致持久的积极变革并改变城市。在来年，WRR将继续深入研究更多这样的例子。请继续关注更多。

Wri的World Resources Report will focus on challenges and solutions over the next year aimed at creating more equal cities. Future research papers will look at practical solutions to core services like housing, energy, and transportation as well as provide insights into the broader process of urban transformation.WRI将于10月16日在基多启动报告。