概要

联合国气候变化框架框架公约（UNFCCC）的当事方将于2019年12月在西班牙马德里开会，以最终确定《巴黎协必威官网是真的吗定》的规则书以及其他任务。讨论的基本要素涉及第6条，该第6条通过碳市场提供了国际合作。本工作论文概述了第6条协商的剩余问题；它解释了每个问题，哪些各方不同意以及危及什么。

与第6条有关的规则可能会对国家实现气候承诺以及减少的排放量产生很大的影响。必威官网是真的吗需要强大的规则以确保避免双重计数并保留环境完整性。有了强大的规则，第六条还可以支持缓解和适应行动中的更高野心。鉴于表明在其国家确定的贡献中使用碳市场的国家数量（NDC），未能就有效的第六条规则达成共识，这无疑会削弱巴黎协定目标的实现并妥协其雄心壮志。

关键发现

我们发现，解决其余问题的解决方式将具有影响巴黎协定的长期有效性以及减少排放的重要含义。这些问题包括：

  • Double counting:While the Paris Agreement is clear that double counting must be avoided in Article 6, the extent to which double counting is actually avoided depends on the way in which the accounting rules are operationalized. If emissions reductions are double counted, it will potentially result in an increase in global emissions and weaken the already inadequate NDCs.

  • 加法性：The way in which Article 6 is finalized will dictate whether emissions reductions under Article 6 will be additional to what would have occurred in the Article’s absence. If non-additional reduction units are used, the ambition of the NDCs will be further watered down.

  • 提供雄心和进步的增加：第6条可以以支持雄心勃勃的方式进行设计：例如，确定随后的NDC是否会激励或不抗驱动以增加温室气体和部门的覆盖范围，以及第6条第6条在多大程度上激励了随着时间的推移增强的野心，并导致整体缓解措施。在全球排放中。第6条还可以推动更具成本效益的减少。

  • 第6条活动和适应的融资：The agreed rules for Article 6 can either facilitate or hinder the flow of finance available for related activities because investor confidence depends on a credible carbon market. Barriers could introduce market distortion or make participation difficult. In addition, the rules can impact the finance available for adaptation, including through a share of proceeds levied to support the adaptation fund.

Accordingly, agreement on a strong Article 6 rule book can play a significant role in determining the environmental integrity of the Paris Agreement and its NDCs, the ambitiousness of Parties’ current and subsequent NDCs, and the strength of Article 6 in financing and incentivizing further climate action.

执行摘要

本文提供了完整的执行摘要。