概要

该工作文件更新了2013渡槽全球地图2.0元数据文档。


它描述了数据源和计算渡槽水Risk Atlas Global Maps。数据收集,计算和映射技术的完整准则和过程在渡槽全球地图2.1:构建与决策相关的全球水风险指标

执行摘要

渡槽水风险地图集利用一个框架,其中包括12个全球指标,分为三类风险和一个总分。数据选择和验证过程涉及三个步骤:

  • 文献综述,

  • identification of data sources in the public domain, and

  • 所选数据源的汇编和专家审查。计算12个指标中的6个需要创建原始数据集,以估计水的可用性和使用。水文流域基于Masutomi等人开发的全球排水盆地数据库。原始数据集的计算由L.L.C. Isciences完成。

Two measures of water use are required, water withdrawal, the total amount of water abstracted from freshwater sources for human use, and consumptive use, the portion of water that evaporates or is incorporated into a product, thus no longer available for downstream use. Withdrawals for the global basins are spatially disaggregated by sector based on regressions with spatial datasets to maximize the correlation with the reported withdrawals (i.e. irrigated areas for agriculture, nighttime lights for industrial, and population for domestic withdrawals). Consumptive use is derived from total withdrawals based on ratios of consumptive use to withdrawals from Shiklomanov and Rodda. Both withdrawals and consumptive use are coded at the hydrological catchment scale.

计算了两个供水指标:总蓝水和可用的蓝色水。总蓝水近似自然的河流排放,不考虑戒断或消耗性的使用。可用的蓝水是对地表水的估计,减去上游消费用途。建模的供水估计值是使用流域对捕集流累积方法计算的,该方法通过集水区聚集水,并将其运输到下一个下游集水区。从径流(R)计算出供水,可从特定位置流过整个景观的水,并在蒸散液(ET)后计算为降水的其余部分,而土壤水分储存(ΔS)的变化被解释为(即,r = p - et - δs)。径流数据由NASA Goddard Earth Sciences数据和信息服务中心的全球土地数据同化系统版本2 Noahv。3.31950年至2010年的土地表面模型。