概要

面向运输的开发（TOD） - 一项计划策略，旨在建立紧凑的综合用途社区，可使用高质量的公共交通和行动能力 - 是可持续城市化的关键。但是，TOD的设计和实施可能是独家的，导致低收入居民的流离失所和社区的高档化。

Developing more inclusive TOD processes can help urban communities mitigate potential negative outcomes. This working paper examines the role good governance principles of clear institutional arrangements, policy alignment, public participation, transparency and accountable can play in TOD. Using a new “capacity-to-act” mapping methodology to sketch out governance landscapes, the paper analyzes challenges to inclusive TOD in three Brazilian urban redevelopment case studies and identifies good practices that cities can adopt to avoid inequality and exclusion in TOD.

执行摘要

以运输为导向的开发（TOD）是一种可持续的城市发展解决方案，在创建具有高质量运输的混合用途，密集，可步行社区方面已经成功。在欧洲，北美和亚洲部分地区，TOD规划机制已由附近，车站和走廊级别的公共和私人演员成功地设计和资助，以减少交通拥堵和蔓延，强调大众运输，并增加对工作的可及性和其他服务。全球南方地区，尤其是巴西，还试图在自己的城市中采用TOD规划方法，以面对城市蔓延，充血和效率低下的问题，并取得了有限的成功。

TOD does not automatically equate to better livability and quality of life for citizens. Development near transit can lead—and has led—to displacement of low-income households and mixed-income neighborhoods, resulting in inequality and exclusion. Developing TOD in an inclusive manner can help to mitigate some of these potential negative outcomes. An inclusive TOD ensures that current and future community members have a meaningful role in defining their needs and setting out the objectives for the design and implementation process of TOD. Inclusive design, finance, and governance mechanisms can reduce the potential for citizen and livelihood displacement and can encourage the equitable outcome of an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse TOD.

This paper seeks to understand how to build an inclusive TOD by incorporating governance principles of clear institutional arrangements, policy alignment, public participation, and transparency and accountability into the implementation of TOD. Using these established governance principles, the paper analyzes potential challenges to inclusive TOD in three Brazilian urban redevelopment cases: Àgua Branca in São Paulo, Distrito C in Porto Alegre, and Porto Maravilha in Rio de Janeiro. Although these cities have not yet opted to pursue inclusive TOD, understanding the institutions and actors in place in each can help to shed light on the role of governance in inclusive TOD.

本文在三个案例研究城市的实地调查中建立了新的“行动能力”映射方法，以勾勒出治理格局（包括机构和参与者），这与包容性的TOD有关。必威官网亚洲体育在每个案例研究中，映射练习确定了有关安排治理的三个广泛发现：（a）机构关系的高度复杂性；必威官网亚洲体育（b）法律规定但实施不佳的参与过程；（c）需要足够行动能力的中央演员。

本文以案件的治理原则审查了治理原则的审查和行动结果的基础，必威官网亚洲体育该论文提出了城市可以在将来从事包容性TOD的活动。城市规划师和从业人员，地方政府官员和地方社区成员可以从事这些活动，以更好地了解包容性的TOD流程，并为城市的过程和结果提供信息和影响。