森林脉冲:世界森林最新消息

森林脉冲引用最新数据和分析显示全球森林损耗和砍伐的最新趋势

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2021年损失多少森林

森林脉冲段逐年更新使用年度树覆盖损耗数据全面概述世界各地森林损耗年度更新接近每年第一季度发布并覆盖上一年趋势

森林损耗2021年保持固态高

通过米卡拉维塞伊丽莎白高德曼

热带在2021年损失1110万公顷树覆盖率,据马里兰大学新数据提供,全球森林观察提供

特别令人关切的是热带初级雨林中发生的375万公顷损失-对碳存储和生物多样性至关重要-相当于每分钟10个足球场速率2021年热带初级森林损耗导致2.5兆特二氧化碳排放量,相当于印度年度化石燃料排放.

热带原生林损耗,2002-2021

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马里兰大学树覆盖损耗数据覆盖全局 全球森林观察主要关注热带损失96%以上或人为永久清除森林覆盖北温林林损耗主要是造成森林和野火常为临时扰动森林读更多.

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热带原生林损耗率在过去几年中一直固执不变热带2021年比2020年少11%原生林,但从2019年到2020年增加12%,主要原因是消防损耗增加

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多亏新研究马里兰大学提供的详细空间数据 说明大火导致树覆盖损耗森林大火常对碳排放、生态系统和人体健康产生重要影响防火季节与天气模式相关起伏不定,使得评估森林随时间推移流失趋势更加困难。消防损耗与其他原因损耗(例如农业扩展或采伐)的损耗更细微地理解森林随时间推移而损耗动态更多了解新数据.

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不仅仅是热带森林引起关注生物林-主要是俄罗斯森林-2021年经历了前所未有的树覆盖损耗,主要由大火驱动

趋势突出显示将采取多少行动实现全球零毁林目标下2021glasgow领导人森林和土地利用宣言141个国家承诺到2030年集体停止并扭转森林损耗持续下降十年剩余时间每年森林损耗——整个热带地区尚未出现下降例外有少数国家,最突出的有印度尼西亚和马来西亚,这两个国家初级森林损耗近些年来显著下降,加蓬和圭亚那等国家在过去20年中初级森林损耗1%或不足1%。

2021年热带初级森林损耗前十大国家

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深入观察2021森林损耗趋势


印度尼西亚连续第五年减少初级森林损耗

印尼初级森林损耗率连续第五年持续下降2021年,比2020年下降25%并显示印尼正向正确方向去相遇部分必威官网是真的吗气候承诺.必威官网是真的吗去年印尼更新了国家气候计划,承诺减少森林和土地利用部门的排放量,使其到2030年成为净碳汇

印度尼西亚初级森林损耗,2002-2021

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持续下降趋势还显示公司承诺和政府行动正在发挥作用新建研究显示与油棕榈关联的森林砍伐处于20年最低点无森林、无食免开发承诺覆盖83%棕榈油提炼能力印度尼西亚和马来西亚80%以上纸浆产业印度尼西亚此外,可持续棕榈油圆桌会议收紧可持续认证要求2018年禁止采伐和泥炭地清理

下降还反映印尼政府努力减少森林损耗环境林业部在广泛推广后加强消防监测和预防工作2015年森林和泥炭大火.并发布永久暂停原生森林和泥炭地转换扩展任务Peat恢复局包括红树和泥炭地的保护和修复红树林是重要的生态圈 管理极端天气

印尼有理由连续第五年庆祝森林损耗下降,但它需要强化森林保护措施以维系这一积极趋势油棕榈价格往往关联油棕榈采伐2020年开始爬山 现在创下40年高新油棕树种植园许可证临时冻结去年没有更新,开通种植场扩充门以响应价格上涨

印尼政府最近吊销数以百计的许可林区伐木作业、种植园和采矿活动如果这些地区重新分布给地方和土著社区进行社区森林管理,撤销活动可能证明是加强确认习惯权利和森林保护道路上的一个重要里程碑。但也有可能将这些地区重新分配给公司并快速清除,导致更多森林损耗

最后,印尼的风险努力启动经济复苏从COVID-19大流行还可能对其森林造成损失


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新的毁林边界在巴西亚马孙

作为拥有最初级雨林的国家,巴西一贯名列大多数初级森林损耗表前列。热带原生林损失40%以上发生在巴西,总计150万公顷。

巴西初级森林损耗,2002-2021

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过去几年巴西初级森林损耗率持续高居不下火灾相关损失随控制外森林大火水平而起伏不定,最近还发生2020年峰值亚马逊河和泛坦那非交火损耗在巴西最常与农业扩展相关联,从2020年增长9%至2021年发现与巴西官方监控系统一致PRODES系统更多了解马里兰大学和PRODES数据集发现自2006年以来2021年亚马逊森林清除率最高实施措施大幅减少森林砍伐

西巴西亚马孙尤其面临初级森林损耗加剧问题,关键状态从2020年到2021年非火损耗增加25%以上。亚马逊部分地区新原始森林损耗热点,即2021年统计学上显新损耗点多新热点覆盖大规模清除牛牧场沿现有道路其中一些路像BR-319亚马逊向北向南运行, 定时铺路并改进,高举采伐.

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巴西初级森林损耗问题特别与给新证据亚马逊雨林正在丧失恢复能力 并可能接近端点必威官网是真的吗森林砍伐、气候变化和大火交互作用 导致亚马逊大片向稀树草原永久变换这不仅会导致大量生物多样性损耗和碳排放,而且还会干扰降水模式关键农业生产

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在巴西亚马逊州BR-319和BR-230高速公路交叉点附近新建大规模清理滑动比较2020年10月和2021年10月图像2022行星实验室


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玻利维亚因大火和大规模农业而遭受创纪录高原生林损失

玻利维亚初级森林损耗创记录2021年最高水平291,000公顷,再次超过印度尼西亚热带国家第三大初级森林损耗

玻利维亚初级森林损耗,2002-2021

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过去三年中玻利维亚损失率持续高居不下,每年火灾占损失的三分之一以上。与前两年一样,2021年初生林大面积燃烧保护区内.玻利维亚大火几乎总是由人设置部分努力清除土地,但由于控制松散干热天气必威官网是真的吗气候变迁加剧多数2021年森林大火圣克鲁斯省纵火恢复受影响地区.

圣克鲁斯也是国家大规模农业中心大豆牛牧场2021年非火林初级损耗玻利维亚大豆产量远比邻国少,但大豆扩充大都来牺牲森林.

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扩展玻利维亚圣克鲁斯大农地滑动比较2021年和2021年12月图像2022行星实验室


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农业、能源需求以及采伐驱动刚果盆地森林初级森林损耗

与往年一样,刚果民主共和国初级林损率持续居高不下。刚果(金)2021年损失近50万公顷原生林,原因是扩大小规模农业和采伐树以满足能源需求

刚果大片林地是一个全球重要的碳汇,广袤的富碳泥炭地需要大刀阔斧来控制这一持久高损耗率,包括开发路径不涉农业扩展初级森林,为城市和农村社区提供负担得起的清洁能源以减少对木炭和其他形式的木炭能源的依赖

刚果民主共和国和刚果盆地初级森林损失,2002-2021

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2013年后损失增加部分可能与树覆盖损数据前后不一致有关,近年来由于卫星数据改善,可能能够更好地检测小规模清除读更多


尽管刚果民主共和国持续高损耗率,但刚果盆地仍可发现明点希望加蓬和刚果共和国均经历两年初级森林损耗下降两者均确认为高林低毁林国家开阔地平线开发森林:加蓬成为第一个非洲国家接收支付减少碳排放和森林砍伐,刚果共和国最近通过法律允许土著人民和地方社区合法持有和管理森林并保护森林不受不必要的商业活动影响


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必威官网是真的吗气候变化破坏北部森林

热带以外北林2021年树覆盖损耗率最高树覆盖北林损耗很少结果永久毁林损失率在2021年达到前所未有水平,比2020年增加29%必威官网是真的吗高纬度常青林日益受气候变化威胁,热干条件导致火灾增加和昆虫破坏

必威官网是真的吗树覆盖损耗按气候域划分,2001-2021

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俄国史无前例的火季驱动着这一增量的大部分俄罗斯体验最差火季自2001年开始记录保存以来,2021年有650万公顷树覆盖损失火是北林生态圈自然部分,大、强大大火正担心.必威官网是真的吗热干天气导致易燃条件、干泥地和融化永久冻土西伯利亚广袤的泥炭田世界最大储量大量的碳,当泥炭干涸时释放到大气中。熔化永久冻土还释放存储的碳和甲烷这些情况可能代表新常态,影响西伯利亚人民并造回回路,增加大火和碳排放相互增强并导致条件恶化

俄罗斯树覆盖损失,2001-2021

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实现保护森林的承诺需要什么

森林损耗速度要快得多才能实现2030零毁林目标,但有希望的理由印尼原生林损耗快速下降,

在全世界实现相似下降并不容易印尼和马来西亚需要保持保护森林的势头,巴西和亚马逊其他国家需要铺设新森林热点刚果盆地国家需要确保保护森林的发展路径必威官网是真的吗俄罗斯和其他北方国家需要消除气候变化对森林的影响

多亏了格拉斯哥宣言 世界有保护森林的共同目标 并提供资金支持上头实现这些承诺的途径挑战性但清晰继续监控分析报告人类进步


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Svetlana Turbanova和Peter Potapov从马里兰大学更新树覆盖损耗数据,Sasha Tyukava从马里兰大学更新树覆盖损耗数据


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更多资源

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{glossary's:{j'51':{j'am油棕榈、橡皮、可可、腰果、芒果、橙子(citrus)、平面、香蕉和椰子.grn}.cDark surfaces absorb the rays from the sun (low albedo).\r\n"},"94":{"name":"biodiversity intactness","description":"The proportion and abundance of a location\u0027s original forest community (number of species and individuals) that remain.\u0026nbsp;\r\n"},"95":{"name":"biodiversity significance","description":"The importance of an area for the persistence of forest-dependent species based on range rarity.\r\n"},"98":{"name":"carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)","description":"Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) is a measure used to aggregate emissions from various greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the basis of their 100-year global warming potentials by equating non-CO2 GHGs to the equivalent amount of CO2.\r\n"},"99":{"name":"CO2e","description":"Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) is a measure used to aggregate emissions from various greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the basis of their 100-year global warming potentials by equating non-CO2 GHGs to the equivalent amount of CO2.\r\n"},"1":{"name":"deforestation","description":"The change from forest to another land cover or land use, such as forest to plantation or forest to urban area.\r\n"},"77":{"name":"deforested","description":"The change from forest to another land cover or land use, such as forest to plantation or forest to urban area.\r\n"},"76":{"name":"degradation","description":"The reduction in a forest\u2019s ability to perform ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and water regulation, due to natural and anthropogenic changes.\r\n"},"75":{"name":"degraded","description":"The reduction in a forest\u2019s ability to perform ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and water regulation, due to natural and anthropogenic changes.\r\n"},"79":{"name":"disturbances","description":"A discrete event that changes the structure of a forest ecosystem.\r\n"},"68":{"name":"disturbed","description":"A discrete event that changes the structure of a forest ecosystem.\r\n"},"65":{"name":"driver of tree cover loss","description":"The direct cause of forest disturbance.\r\n"},"70":{"name":"drivers of loss","description":"The direct cause of forest disturbance.\r\n"},"81":{"name":"drivers of tree cover loss","description":"The direct cause of forest disturbance.\r\n"},"102":{"name":"evapotranspiration","description":"When solar energy hitting a forest converts liquid water into water vapor (carrying energy as latent heat) through evaporation and transpiration.\r\n"},"2":{"name":"forest","description":"Forests include tree cover greater than 30 percent tree canopy density and greater than 5 meters in height as mapped at a 30-meter Landsat pixel scale.\r\n"},"3":{"name":"forest concession","description":"A legal agreement allowing an entity the right to manage a public forest for production purposes.\r\n"},"90":{"name":"forest concessions","description":"A legal agreement allowing an entity the right to manage a public forest for production purposes.\r\n"},"53":{"name":"forest degradation","description":"The reduction in a forest\u2019s ability to perform ecosystem services, such as carbon storage and water regulation, due to natural and anthropogenic changes.\r\n"},"54":{"name":"forest disturbance","description":"A discrete event that changes the structure of a forest ecosystem.\r\n"},"100":{"name":"forest disturbances","description":"A discrete event that changes the structure of a forest ecosystem.\r\n"},"5":{"name":"forest fragmentation","description":"The breaking of large, contiguous forests into smaller pieces, with other land cover types interspersed.\r\n"},"6":{"name":"forest management plan","description":"A plan that documents the stewardship and use of forests and other wooded land to meet environmental, economic, social, and cultural objectives.通常由公司在森林特许区执行.\r\n't's's's's's'sformations's's's's'forests树覆盖增益表示数种潜在活动, 包括自然林生长或树园轮播圈.\rn'r7'橄榄球场略小于一公顷(坑面积介于0.62至0.82公顷之间),\rn'},#66A football pitch is slightly smaller than a hectare (pitches are between 0.62 and 0.82 hectares).\r\n"},"67":{"name":"intact","description":"A forest that contains no signs of human activity or habitat fragmentation as determined by remote sensing images and is large enough to maintain all native biological biodiversity.\r\n"},"78":{"name":"intact forest","description":"A forest that contains no signs of human activity or habitat fragmentation as determined by remote sensing images and is large enough to maintain all native biological biodiversity.\r\n"},"8":{"name":"intact forests","description":"A forest that contains no signs of human activity or habitat fragmentation as determined by remote sensing images and is large enough to maintain all native biological biodiversity.\r\n"},"55":{"name":"land and environmental defenders","description":"People who peacefully promote and protect rights related to land and\/or the environment.\r\n"},"9":{"name":"loss driver","description":"The direct cause of forest disturbance.\r\n"},"10":{"name":"low tree canopy density","description":"Less than 30 percent tree canopy density.\r\n"},"84":{"name":"managed forest concession","description":"Areas where governments have given rights to private companies to harvest timber and other wood products from natural forests on public lands.\r\n"},"83":{"name":"managed forest concession maps for nine countries","description":"Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Indonesia, Liberia, and the Republic of the Congo\r\n"},"104":{"name":"managed natural forests","description":"Naturally regenerated forests with signs of management, including logging, clear cuts, etc.\r\n"},"91":{"name":"megacities","description":"A city with more than 10 million people.\r\n"},"57":{"name":"megacity","description":"A city with more than 10 million people."},"56":{"name":"mosaic restoration","description":"Restoration that integrates trees into mixed-use landscapes, such as agricultural lands and settlements, where trees can support people through improved water quality, increased soil fertility, and other ecosystem services.失林或退化林区中密度(10\u2013100人/千米)更有可能恢复型"},"86":{"name":"natural","description":"A forest that is grown without human intervention.\r\n"},"12":{"name":"natural forest","description":"A forest that is grown without human intervention.\r\n"},"63":{"name":"natural forests","description":"A forest that is grown without human intervention.\r\n"},"82":{"name":"persistent gain","description":"Forests that have experienced one gain event from 2001 to 2016.\r\n"},"13":{"name":"persistent loss and gain","description":"Forests that have experienced one loss or one gain event from 2001 to 2016."},"97":{"name":"plantation","description":"An area in which trees have been planted, generally for commercial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\r\n"},"93":{"name":"plantations","description":"An area in which trees have been planted, generally for commercial purposes.\u0026nbsp;\r\n"},"88":{"name":"planted","description":"A forest composed of trees that have been deliberately planted and\/or seeded by humans.\r\n"},"14":{"name":"planted forest","description":"A forest composed of trees that have been deliberately planted and\/or seeded by humans.\r\n"},"73":{"name":"planted forests","description":"A forest composed of trees that have been deliberately planted and\/or seeded by humans.\r\n"},"15":{"name":"primary forest","description":"Old-growth forests that are typically high in carbon stock and rich in biodiversity.GFR使用湿热带初级雨林数据集,表示近些年来尚未清除的热带森林.\r\n'}.64'The GFR uses a humid tropical primary rainforest data set, representing forests in the humid tropics that have not been cleared in recent years.\r\n"},"58":{"name":"production forest","description":"A forest where the primary management objective is to produce timber, pulp, fuelwood, and\/or nonwood forest products."},"89":{"name":"production forests","description":"A forest where the primary management objective is to produce timber, pulp, fuelwood, and\/or nonwood forest products.\r\n"},"87":{"name":"seminatural","description":"A managed forest modified by humans, which can have a different species composition from surrounding natural forests.\r\n"},"59":{"name":"seminatural forests","description":"A managed forest modified by humans, which can have a different species composition from surrounding natural forests.scriptroduction自中小型农作 损耗或永久采伐.\rn'}.103\rn'},17": {"命名':树覆盖',描述':所有高5米以上的植被 并可能采取自然林或林园的形式GFR使用大于30%树冠密度计算.\r\n't'sm树覆盖增益表示数种潜在活动,包括自然林生长或树园轮播周期。\0026nbsp;Assss树覆盖增益不等于恢复.\r\n},"18损耗不等于采伐树林.\r\n}.sqtrol:sqtrol