随着国家的完善国家承诺（称为INDC）在巴黎正在进行的气候谈判中提出，重要的是要超越发必威官网是真的吗电厂和汽车。林业，农业和其他土地使用代表more than 20全球排放量的百分比是许多发展中国家的温室气体的主要来源。令人鼓舞的是，许多国家开始关注这些排放源。

WRI分析表明到目前为止提交的INDC代表了减少国际气候谈判中有史以来最大的集体承诺。必威官网是真的吗中国，巴西，玻利维亚和刚果民主共和国提出了目标，可以在未来15年内为保护超过5000万公顷的森林保护，这是西班牙大小。这可以在15年内减少17吉甘顿（GT）的二氧化碳（GT），占全球当前年度排放量的2.5％。

尽管如此，减少土地使用排放的承诺仍未达到最终所做的事情，在正在进行的气候谈判中为更多进展留下了更多的进展。必威官网是真的吗

森林和土地用途有机会

根据WRI的说法，许多顶级发射国家也是一些最严重的森林，土地使用的排放量在非洲和拉丁美洲尤其超过了。CAIT气必威官网是真的吗候数据资源管理器，，，，they contribute about 30 percent of all emissions. A tropical wet forest in these regions can store around 250 tonnes of carbon per hectare. Thus, a heavily forested country like the Democratic Republic of Congo with its 150 million hectares of forests holds around 37 Gt of carbon. And if this forest was lost, it would generate 135 Gt CO2eq, or 3 times the total global annual emissions in 2012.

国家

排名Forest Area(2015)

排名Total Annual Emissions（2012）

俄罗斯

1

4

巴西

2

6

加拿大

3

8

United States

4

2

中国

5

1

刚果民主共和国

6

37

澳大利亚

7

12

印度尼西亚

8

5

秘鲁

9

46

印度

10

3

中国，，，，巴西，，，，Bolivia and DRC all included INDC commitments to curb deforestation, which together will reduce global emissions by 2.5 percent. China accounts for nearly 70 percent of this pledge with its robust restoration and forest management efforts.

Other countries, like Indonesia, Colombia and Peru, while not listing specific land use targets, mention the importance of land use in their overall carbon budget, which holds promise of forests and land use being included in their country-level implementation plans.

非洲和拉丁美洲领导着土地利用机会和承诺

非洲和拉丁美洲的低收入国家和中等收入国家也可以通过专注于土地利用来做出很多贡献，即使它们没有森林森林。我们研究了34个非洲和14个拉丁美洲国家，他们提交了INDC（截至2015年11月1日），以土地使用特定的目标，并发现：

  • Thirteen of the 34 African countries have strong, measurable land use commitments that include restoration, REDD+ and “climate-smart” agriculture (focused on increasing yields, economic gain and reducing GHG emissions). These would cumulatively lead to an estimated reduction of 1.2 Gt CO2eq over the next 10 years, or 36 percent of Africa’s annual emissions and 0.25 percent of global emissions. An additional 16 countries have less prescriptive goals that could still lead to further reductions.
  • For many of these African countries, land use targets have the bonus of also providing经济效益。Twenty-six of the 34 countries expect benefits like higher crop yields, reduced erosion, better use of degraded land, and greater availability of fire wood, fertilizer and shade trees.
  • Of the 14 Latin American countries examined, six had quantitative targets that together could achieve a reduction of up to 6 Gt CO2eq over next 15 years, or a 10 percent reduction of Latin America’s annual emissions and 1 percent of global emissions. Another five had qualitative targets.

More Transparency Needed from Key Countries

不幸的是，尽管非洲和拉丁美洲的国家设定了一个很好的榜样，但许多其他国家的INDC中没有特定的土地使用目标。尽管不需要各国在其气候承诺中提供针对特定部门的信息，但额外的透明度可能会创造出帮助确保全球气候交易所需的信任和清晰度。必威官网是真的吗

该类别的三个重要国家是俄罗斯，加拿大和美国。他们是世界上四个最森林的国家(along with Brazil). If managed well, their forests could significantly help reduce global emissions by absorbing excess carbon. But counting on forests as a perennial carbon sink could reduce ambitions in other sectors. Russia’s INDC, for example, may actually increase emissions partly by assuming that Russia forests will absorb carbon at maximum capacity. But in a changing climate, nothing is so certain as forest fires and tree pest infestations havespiked在allthree countries recently, releasing massive amounts of carbon. A最近的研究suggests that U.S. forests could cease to be a carbon sink in the next 25 years.

其他国家可以加强其目前的目标和战略，以解决土地使用的排放。印度尼西亚在其INDC中包括雄心勃勃的土地使用目标缺乏有关其碳库存目标建模的足够细节，恢复目标，一个计划处理失控的森林和陆地火。

森林and Land Use Can’t Be Overlooked in Paris

For all countries, rich and poor, the land use sector is critical to achieving climate targets. The added economic benefits for low- and medium-income countries further strengthen the case. Many countries examined in this analysis are on their way with strong, measurable land use pledges. As the Paris negotiations carry on, countries that haven’t done so yet should follow the leaders and include measurable land use-specific targets in their contributions to the global deal.