In July, French President Emmanuel Macronannounced在巴黎气候变化协议两年后，他将于2017年12月12日在巴黎举行峰会。必威官网是真的吗他说，峰会的目标是“对气候采取进一步行动，尤其是在财务方面”，并动员公共和私人财务以实施巴黎协定。必威官网是真的吗

The summit comes at a challenging time in climate finance. Under President Donald Trump, the United States is retreating from its position as a leading provider of climate finance. Trump’sbudget requestfor the next fiscal year zeroed out contributions to theGreen Climate Fund(GCF) and proposed deep cuts to bilateral development and environmental programming. Congress may restore some of this money, but a significant reduction in U.S. climate finance seems likely.

这些损失将在整个系统中回荡。这不仅是损失公共资金，而且是他们本可以动员的私人资金的损失。减少的排放量更少，受到气候变化的影响，更少的人将受到保护。必威官网是真的吗

What should the rest of the world do about this, and how can Macron’s summit deliver a meaningful booster shot to the climate finance system?

The summit must include the private sector and feature high-level commitments from major banks and companies, not unlike the UN secretary general’sclimate summit in September 2014。但是要可信，它还必须在公共财政上提供重要的东西。挑战是这样的公共财政承诺必须：（1）在数量级上有意义，（2）解决缓解和适应，（3）动员尽可能多的私人资本，（4）认识到新的公共资金是很难在短时间内出现，（5）在不到九个星期的时间内准备就绪。这是一个艰巨的任务。但是至少有一个不错的选择。

Infusing New Life into Climate Finance

根据我们自己的研究，在我们最近发布的有关该研究的研究中总结了Future of the Funds, we propose that the Macron summit put a modest but meaningful public finance package on the table. The package would provide selected multilateral climate funds with renewed financial strength, complementing what the GCF is doing and counteracting the impact of Trump’s cuts as we go into the final stretch to 2020. The package would have three components:

See also:MDB气必威官网是真的吗候金融：好，坏事

  1. Approve the use of Clean Technology Fund (CTF) reflows- 这Clean Technology Fund（CTF）于2008年创建，以提供大规模气候缓解的资金。必威官网是真的吗CTF最好提供大规模资金，以削减缓解空间中大型交易的风险，从而鼓励私营部门参与。这就是为什么CTF获得了布什政府的大力支持的原因；当时的财政部长汉克·鲍尔森（Hank Paulson）和共和党参议员理查德·卢加尔（Richard Lugar）宣布了美国对此的支持。op-ed in the Washington Post。

    A plan, in the works for some time but not yet approved by the CTF’s governing body, would allow the fund to reuse the money coming back from repayment of the loans it has already made. Reflows are estimated to be around $665 million between fiscal 2018-2022. This revenue stream could be front-loaded by issuing bonds, allowing the CTF to extract more juice out of its existing assets. This would cost donors no new money; all it would take would be a decision by the CTF committee. This measure would provide meaningful financial firepower. If bonds could be issued with CTF reflows as collateral,$ 1.4-16亿美元对于2018财年至2022财年之间的新项目，将被解锁。此外，这项资本可以动员非常重要的共同融资。CTF历史上为捐赠者资本的每1美元动员了9美元。
  2. Convert CTF debt to equity- 尽管大多数为CTF做出贡献的国家都通过赠款提供了贷款。这降低了该基金可能以其资金承担的风险，从而阻止了一些创新和高影响力的企业。在马克龙峰会上，贷款提供商（德国，法国和加拿大）应宣布他们正在转换贷款，worth around $1.1 billion在公平上，这意味着只有在CTF投资还清的情况下，他们只会拿回钱。这将使这些贡献者花费一些钱 - 他们将不得不从本质上注销部分贷款 - 但相对于这些国家每年在气候融资中提供的东西而言，总数是适中的。必威官网是真的吗由于多种技术原因，这种转换将使使用的使用决定变得更加容易，并将CTF的资产支持债券发行增加26％。
  3. 适应基金和LDCF的新承诺– On the adaptation front, we recommend that at least some countries make new pledges to theAdaptation Fundand theLeast Developed Countries Fund(LDCF). These are popular with developing countries, have a solid track record and a pipeline of shovel-ready projects, but are low on funds. During the Paris negotiations, donors pledged7500万美元适应基金和2.48亿美元对于LDCF。马克龙峰会上的类似承诺将提供重要的资金注入，以满足紧急适应需求。支持适应基金的支持将保持动力，因为INFCCC谈判者继续巩固了该基金未来的细节。同时，利权公司的资金仅用于最贫穷的国家，可能会动员高水平的共同资金：从历史上看每$ 1 $ 4the fund approves.

If heads of state can muster the political will, this package can be put together quickly. The key decisions could be made in under nine weeks, even if the details are worked out after the summit. The fiscal costs are quite modest, but the package would deliver a powerful injection of financial energy to the climate finance system. It is also important to note that U.S. participation is not necessary. If Washington wants to sit on the sidelines, it can do that without preventing others from following through with their own money. And none of this would prejudice a future decision to “sunset” the CTF when the GCF ramps up its delivery capabilities.

Macron峰会为在充满挑战的时期内振兴气候融资系统提供了一个关键机会。必威官网是真的吗政府不应让这个机会溜走。