树木显然对地球有好处。对于大多数人（政府，非政府组织，投资者，公众）来说，这并不清楚其社会经济益处。树木对经济，我们的健康和福祉至关重要。

研究表明，每次投资恢复退化土地的每1美元都会产生估计的$7–$30 in economic benefits, including improved food production, carbon sequestration, and water quality. Yet each year, deforestation and land degradation costs the world6.3万亿美元in lost ecosystem services like agricultural products, recreational opportunities and clean air—equivalent to 8.3 percent of global GDP in 2016.

尽管这些明确的成本和收益，但恢复仅收到a tiny fractionof the funding it needs. That’s where governments come in.

解锁恢复融资的5种方法

A new WRI report,Roots of Prosperity: The Economics and Finance of Restoring Land, looks at the barriers and opportunities to scale up finance in restoration.

Governments can design policies and strategies that help unlock restoration finance, including:

  • 货币化环境和社会利益：Carbon taxes are gaining momentum around the world. This is set to continue since81 national climate plans称为全国确定的贡献（NDC），包括某种形式的碳定价。指导一些从碳定价到气候解决方案（例如恢复）的收入或收益将增加这些价格在应对气候变化方面的影响。必威官网是真的吗

  • Shifting incentives from land degradation toward restoration:In Costa Rica, for example, the government phased out cattle subsidies in 1991 and began financing restoration through a 3.5 percent tax on fossil fuels. This helped to increase national forest cover from 29 percent in 1991 to 54 percent in 2015 and supported the rise of eco-tourism, which now contributes5.8％of national GDP.

  • Supporting risk mitigating mechanisms to attract the private sector:私人投资者认为恢复是有风险的，因为它是一个新颖的领域。政府可以通过降低风险机制（例如贷款担保或税收激励措施）刺激私人投资。例如，多边投资担保机构发行的担保of $27 million (2012) and $22 million (2015) to EcoPlanet Bamboo for its restoration investments in Nicaragua. Over a 15-year period, the protection will cover the company against the risks of expropriation, war and civil disturbance.

  • Integrating restoration across many government ministries:In some countries, restoration is confined to environmental ministries and their budgets, which tend to be small. In Ethiopia, however, all relevant government agencies are involved in the national Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy, which includes restoration. The country has committed to restoring15 million hectares of land到2020年，作为波恩挑战的一部分，已成为largest restoration commitment对于AFR100倡议，以国家为主导的努力，将非洲1亿公顷土地带到2030年恢复。

  • Quantifying the public benefits of restoration:Robust economic analyses can bring visibility to restoration’s true financial benefits, such as food security, job creation and more. For example, spatial optimization analysis by WRI in Guatemala identified that it was best to start the restoration project by focusing on forest areas along a Pacific Coast river, since this would deliver the maximum benefits.我们的报告提出了经济评估方法和创建标准化估值框架的三个步骤。

With the Bonn Challenge aiming to restore350 million hectares of degraded landby 2030, 39 countries have made restoration pledges and more governments are making commitments every year. With the right economic policies and financial mechanisms in place, they can raise the capital needed to turn these pledges into prosperity.