Under the Paris Agreement, countries agreed to limit the increase in global average temperature to well below 2 degrees C (3.6 degrees F) and to pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5 degrees C (2.7 degrees F). The 2018 IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C underscores the difference that a half-degree can make to the world’s ecosystems. To have a likely chance of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees C, the world’s top climate scientists say that global greenhouse gas emissions must be cut 45% by 2030 andreach net-zero2050年后不久。
Parties’ “mid-century long-term low GHG emissions development strategies” or “long-term strategies” are central to achieving the goal of reaching net-zero global emissions, limiting warming, and preventing some of the worst impacts of climate change. Indeed, long-term strategies play a key role in the transition toward net-zero emissions and climate resilient economies. These strategies set out long-term goals for climate and development and direct short-term decision-making to support the necessary shifts to limit global warming and lift people out of poverty.
WRI的气候必威官网是真的吗手表平台轨道和分析long-term strategy submissions.
Why Are Long-Term Strategies Needed?
Ambitious long-term strategies are vital since current near-term national climate plans (NDCs) are only sufficient enough to limit warming to2.7-3.7 degrees C（4.9-6.7度F）。此外，长期策略为整个社会转型和较短的NDC与巴黎协定的长期目标之间的重要联系提供了一种途径。而且，由于有30年的时间范围，这些策略还提供了许多其他好处，包括指导国家避免对高排放技术的昂贵投资，支持公正和公平的过渡，促进技术创新，根据未来计划新的可持续基础设施计划必威官网是真的吗气候风险，并向投资者发送有关已设想的长期社会变化的早期和可预测的信号。
Read more:Climate Action for Today and Tomorrow: The Relationship between NDCs and LTSs
What Are the Key Elements of Long-Term Strategies?
长期战略的范围和深度由国家决定。实际上，没有一定大小的格式或结构。但是，此类策略的一些共同元素包括：
- a long-term vision;
- sustainable developmentconsiderations;
- 缓解元素（包括用于减少温室气体排放的长期量化结果和缓解结果models and scenarios);
- 适应元素;
- 部门策略(including policies and actions, milestones to be achieved over time, information on managing the transition to the long-term goals, among others);
- 实施方法；
- 以及监视计划和修订过程。
When these elements are considered together, countries can evaluate tradeoffs among them and ensure that all are supported in the long-term strategy.
Read More:How Long-Term Visions for Climate Can Advance the G20 Economic Agenda
What Are Important Considerations for the Development of a Long-Term Strategy?
长期计划对气候变化和发展的概念提高了独特的必威官网是真的吗必威官网亚洲体育治理挑战. Ensuring buy-in and ownership of key ministries, departments, and agencies and non-governmental stakeholders over the final strategy is essential if long-term strategies are to be influential in guiding short, medium, and long-term planning and investment decisions across society to initiate an effective and just transition to a low greenhouse gas emission and resilient future. This will require:
Political leadership：明确的高级授权和愿景可以促进部委内部和整个部委的更大协调。最高水平的政治领导可以帮助推动战略，建立动力并吸引正确的利益相关者和政府部门。
机构安排：The process of developing, and subsequently implementing, long-term strategies requires the engagement of central ministries, multiple sectoral line ministries, sub-national government, civil society, and, in many countries, indigenous self-governing bodies. In many cases, this will require the creation or reconsideration of existing institutional arrangements for long-term planning.
法律框架：支持性法律框架确保在政府战略中有很强的连贯性，并有助于避免昂贵和冲突的政策。
利益相关者参与：利益相关者可以通过提供可以建立共同愿景的信息和偏好来帮助计划者和决策者，并可能成为实施长期战略的重要选区。
除了治理考虑因素外，还需要资源必威官网亚洲体育和一定程度的能力来制定长期战略；这些需求可能包括温室气体库存数据支持，评估以确定气候变化驱动因素和影响以及私营部门和民间社会的参与。必威官网是真的吗
Another consideration is the need to build upon existing plans and policies. This will require a consideration of how well established existing long-term planning and targets are (for example, any long-term economic planning processes that might already exist in a country), whether or not they already consider climate change mitigation and adaptation, and whether or not they are in line with the goals of the Paris Agreement.
Read More:A Brief Guide For Reviewing Countries’ Long-term Strategies
为什么COP26需要对长期策略做出强大的决定？
- 当前传达长期策略的日期仅附加到一个时刻(“by 2020,” as noted in Decision 1/CP.21. paragraph 35)—even though Article 4.19 itself is not time-bound. For Parties that have not met the original deadline, setting a new date in the COP26 decision text will provide a “moment” or timeframe for submitting long-term strategies.
- Long-term strategies are ideally not a one-off exercise, but rather a central component of ongoing national climate and development planning processes.必须鼓励各方定期审查和更新其策略，以在未来30年内保持相关性。这将有助于使这些策略符合根据《巴黎协定》同意的全球目标。长期策略是当事方长期野心的标志，也是符合巴黎协议的集体能力的关键指标温度目标.
- Long-term strategies have important links to other provisions of the Paris Agreement and areparticularly relevantfor updating successive, more short-term nationally determined contributions (NDCs).While countries may not necessarily abandon long-term strategies without a COP26 decision, a robust decision could help to maintain international momentum. Indeed, as many studies suggest, the international climate change negotiation process is important for enhancing global ambition, trust and transparency. At COP26, Parties should consider adopting a decision and taking other steps under the provisions of the Paris Climate Agreement to amplify the role of long-term strategies after 2020.
Read More:制定对长期气候策略的COP26决定必威官网是真的吗
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