Synopsis

As electric and hybrid-electric buses gradually become a reality worldwide, achieving a better understanding of the mechanisms supporting investments in these new technologies as well as their assets is more important than ever. The global electric bus fleet grew about 32 percent in 2018, and it represents the fastest-growing part of the electric vehicle market. Nevertheless, capital costs for fully electric buses may be double or triple that of conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) buses, and batteries may need to be replaced after six to eight years, highlighting the importance of finding sustainable financial plans and business models.

本文旨在基于现有文献提供的指导，并深入研究城市面临的一些金融问题，例如有关不同技术，计划，运营，采购策略，法规和融资机会的决策。作者根据文献评论，对特定案例研究的广泛桌面研究以及对该领域的利益相关者和全球专家的访谈选择了这些问题。因此，这些反应并不意味着规定性，而是代表研究的发现。

Key Findings

  • Electric and hybrid-electric buses offer cities environmental and health benefits, such as helping to lower emissions that contribute to poor air quality and global climate change, as well as economic benefits, such as potential cost savings.
  • Although capital costs are often higher than conventional diesel buses, electric buses often have a competitive and sometimes lower total cost of ownership (TCO) due to savings from reduced energy costs per mile and maintenance.
  • Cities are adapting to how buses and bus services are procured, allowing third parties to assume an important share of the risk. More flexible procurement enables bus manufacturers to offer operators the option to lease both buses and batteries, reducing technological and financial risks.
  • Stakeholders not traditionally involved in transport, such as utility companies, have also recently been entering the market to purchase vehicles or batteries and lease them to the operators of the public fleets.
  • 一些政府正在帮助城市负担直接和间接的公交电气化费用。各种赠款正在帮助支付直接成本，包括用于公共汽车以及研发的资本和运营支出。税收激励措施（例如增值，进口和公司利润减免）用于减轻运营商和制造商的成本负担。
  • Operators can reduce the financing costs by accessing available credit guarantees or concessional debt, for example, by public sector financial institutions.

Executive Summary

Full executive summary available in the paper.