The Paris Agreement told us "what to do": achieve a carbon-neutral and resilient world by mid-century. The guidelines for implementing the Agreement that were adopted at the 24th Conference of the Parties (COP24), in Katowice, Poland, detailed "how" we might get there. Ideally, countries should just be able to roll up their sleeves, intensify their efforts, and turn the Paris Agreement into climate action on the ground. Yet this is easier said than done, and equipping countries with the proper tools and resources will be key to making that happen.

巴黎协定中，国家需要帮助理解和执行协议的一组关键要求是协议的增强行动和支持透明度的框架。The transparency framework will play关键作用in enabling the tracking of countries' climate efforts and progress towards their commitments, including through national transparency reports and reviews every two years. It builds on 20 years of arrangements under the UNFCCC to measure, report and verify the actions of individual countries, but it imposes more stringent, detailed and demanding requirements.

为了帮助各国弄清楚如何响应这些新要求，今天发布了WRIBuilding Capacity for the Paris Agreement's Enhanced Transparency Framework: What Can We Learn from Countries' Experiences and UNFCCC Processes?

该工作文件审查了《巴黎协定》的增强透明度安排，并着眼于这种新的透明度制度对国家带来的挑战和机遇。然后，本文借鉴了国家的经验和案例研究，确定了建立国家实施巴黎透明度框架的能力的六个基本课程，并强调了可以帮助各国建立其透明度相关能力的活动和举措。

是什么使巴黎协定的透明度框架“增强”，其含义是什么？

在2018年12月的COP24上，当事方同意了一系列方式，程序和准则，详细介绍了《巴黎协议增强透明度框架》的工作方式。如下图所强调，新的增强透明度框架包括针对所有国家 /地区的一套通用准则。这与UNFCCC下的先前方法的重大转变有关，该方法涉及发达和发展中国家的两个独立指南，并导致信息质量不同。

This shift raises significant challenges. Developing country Parties have struggled to fulfill their already-existing requirements under the pre-Paris system. Cooperation among countries to build and mobilize capacity will be vital if all Parties, especially developing countries, are going to meet the new transparency requirements. Moreover, countries will have to build and mobilize human, institutional, technical and financial capacity faster than they have so far—and this capacity will need to be more effective, efficient, integrated and sustained than current efforts. Otherwise, countries will be unable to implement the Paris Agreement at the scale required.

6 Lessons for Successful Capacity-Building

WRI对13个案例研究中当前的能力建设支持和其他努力的检查阐明了六个关键课程。这些课程并不是无所不能的，也不代表有关透明度能力建设的所有知识。但是，当建立增强透明度框架和实施巴黎协定的能力时，这些关键课程可以作为参考点。

1.建筑物或发展能力是一个需要时间的过程，并取决于“通过做学习”的国家。Developed countries, such as Japan, have built their existing capacity over an extended period during the past 20 years. Expectations that developing countries will build their own capacity in a short period of time are unrealistic. But by building on their own experiences and lessons learned, countries' measurement, reporting and verification systems can be strengthened more quickly and sustainably. This is reflected in Ghana's current efforts under their Climate Ambitious Reporting Program established in 2013 to enhance domestic measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) systems.

2.可以通过增强的机构安排来增强透明度的能力。Institutional arrangements and governance structures can play an important role in ensuring data collection—including through establishing inter-ministerial coordination mechanisms (such as in the Dominican Republic) and multi-stakeholder engagement, especially with the private sector (such as the process with private sector stakeholders in South Korea).

3.在加强治理结构的支持下，法律和监管建筑可以在维持定期跟踪国家努力方面发挥关键作用。必威官网亚洲体育立法和其他监管措施可能会对国家收集和跟踪数据的努力产生重大影响。法律法规可以证明一个国家的承诺和持续的方法来收集缓解和适应数据，就像墨西哥一样。

4.跟踪工具和平台正在逐渐发展，以提高各国监控所接受的支持并朝着承诺迈进的能力。Countries are finding new and innovative ways to build and mobilize their capacity. Innovative, interactive, comprehensive tracking tools can make it easier for stakeholders and decision-makers to understand data and to understand and track implementation toward countries' NDCs. The paper provides examples from the NDC Partnership and Colombia as well as touches on emerging applications of blockchain technology.

5.可以通过利用机会来整合可持续发展目标和政策连贯性的努力来加强能力建设。同时，各国应对气候变化，他们还可以提高可持续发展的考虑因素，包括涉及性别的人们。必威官网是真的吗例如，瓦努阿图开发了一种“综合的MRV框架”工具，该工具可以帮助决策者评估缓解行动的可持续发展影响，这些动作既可以推进其NDC和他们的可持续发展目标，又在其最新报告中，该国展示了其如何通过其MRV系统主流性别。

6. Leveraging existing institutions to build lasting systems and knowledge are critical to sustain capacity.建立能力的努力必须确保如果个人换工作不会丢失知识。取而代之的是，能力建设工作必须确保通过投资和利用现有机构来建立或告知国家温室气体库存，例如统计组织，大学（如多米尼加共和国有效做到的）和公民社会倡议，以确保建立或告知全国性温室气体库存的系统能力。作为在印度和巴西收集数据的人。

Processes and Initiatives That Can Help Build Capacity

可以在UNFCCC和巴黎流程之内和超越能力支持。特别是，巴黎协定组织的许多过程包括透明度报告和审查， 这global stocktake和促进实施和促进合规的机制- 为加强能力提供重要场所。这些过程可以通过报告练习本身，技术审查专家与正在评估的国家之间的互动，通过同伴交流以及通过对个人和系统问题的专家评估来促进能力建设。

此外，联合国公司（UNFCC）已经组织了几个关键机构，以支持《公约》和《巴黎协定》的执行，包括着重于透明度。巴黎协定建立了Capacity Building Initiative on Transparency (CBIT)并创建巴黎能力建设委员会(PCCB), which is tasked with support efforts related to implementation of the Paris Agreement (as a whole, not just the enhanced transparency framework). Also, at COP24, countries decided that the Consultative Group of Experts (established 20 years ago to specifically support transparency reporting) will now serve under the Paris Agreement, based on terms of reference yet to be updated.

许多国际举措支持与透明度有关的范围的范围。有些专注于透明度，例如气候动作透明度（ICAT）的倡必威官网是真的吗议和Partnership on Transparency in the Paris Agreement (PATPA)。其他人则具有地理或利益相关者的重点，例如合作伙伴关系增强共同创新的透明度（Pasti）在亚太国家，瞄准私营部门。最后，有些具有更广泛的范围，例如NDC Partnershipor theGCF Readiness program。

政府官员和机构不应是唯一能力建设和动员至关重要的人。成千上万的年轻人在3月15日星期五上街上上街，并从联合国秘书长，，，，市长，，，，首席执行官是对非国家参与者的提醒，必须以透明和公平的方式动员起来以前所未有的节奏气候行动加速。必威官网是真的吗确保这些参与者有权充分参与《巴黎协定》的实施至关重要。